1. Genetics I. Introduction A. History 1. C. Darwin & A. Wallace  blending 2. G. Mendel & F. Unger  mixing 3. W. Sutton  Chromosomal theory of Inheritance 4. T. Morgan  Genes & Chromosomes plus linkage groups 5. A. Sturtevant  genetic mapping 6. F. Griffith  hereditary molecule

2. 7. O. Avery, etal.  DNA hereditary molecule 8. B. McKlintock  Transposons 9. W. Fiers  sequenced viral gene 10. A. Jeffreys  DNA finger printing 11. 1995  Viral DNA sequenced 12. 1996  yeast DNA sequenced 13. 1998  round worm DNA sequenced 14. 2003  human DNA sequenced

3. a. Definition b. Terms i. Self vs. Cross Fertilization ii. Traits vs. Characteristics A. Experimental Design II. Mendelian 1. Monohybrid Cross

4. Figure 14.2Figure 14.3 c. Process

5. Figure 14.4 d. Principle: “Law of segregation” Figure 14.5

6. i. Gene vs. Allele vs. Chromosome ii. Homozygous versus Heterozygous iii. Dominant versus Recessive iv. Genotype versus Phenotype e. Terms Figure 14.6

7. f. Testcross Figure 14.7

8. a. Definition b. Process i. Start by figuring out the parents genotypes Figure 14.8 2. Dihybrid Cross ii. Then how many and type of gametes

9. Dihybrid Heterozygous cross = Phenotypic ratio= 9:3:3:1, Genotypic ratio= 1:1:2:2:4:2:2:1:1 Dihybrid Heterozygous cross Homozygous Dominant = Phenotypic ratio = all dominant, Genotypic ratio = 1:1:1:1 c. Principle: “Law of Independently Assortment” AaBb X AABB Gametes AaBb = AB, Ab, aB, & ab; AABB= AB only Practice AaBb X AaBb Gametes AaBb = AB, Ab, aB, & ab for both

10. AA aa Aa 2. Co-dominance 1. Complete A. Dominance III. Variation on Mendel

11. 3. Incomplete dominance Figure 14.10

12. 1. Multiple Alleles B. Gene Interactions 2. Pleitrophy 3. Penetrance Figure 14.11

13. 1. Epistasis C. Beyond Mendel 2. Polygenic Figure 14.13

14. Figure 14.9 1. R. Punnet & W. Bateson  1908 A. History IV. Classical Genetics

15. a. Drosophila melangastor WHY? 2. T. Morgan  Genes & Chromosomes, Karyotyping, plus linkage groups Figure 15.3

16. Figure 15.4 b. Genetic Recombination Page 300

17. Figure 15.10

18. Figure 15.9 c. Genetic Linkage Page 300

19. 3. A. Sturtevant  Genetic Mapping Based on frequency of expression of traits showing together Figure 15.10 Figure 15.11 Figure 15.12

20. 1. Sex Linked Inheritance B. Sex Linkage Figure 15.5 Figure 15.6 Figure 15.7

21. 2. Barr Bodies Figure 15.8

22. 1. Karyotyping 2. Amniocentesis  Cellular and Chemical Analysis Figure 14.19 A. Techniques V. Detection of Problems

23. 3. Ultrasound 4. Chorionic Villi Sampling  Cellular and Chemical Analysis Figure 14.19

24. 5. Fetal Tissue Sampling

25. 6. Pedigree Analysis Page 289