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Published byGeorge Gibbs Modified over 9 years ago
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Chapter 6: Chemical Reactions
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Determine if a compound is soluble.
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A compound is soluble in a particular liquid if it dissolves in that liquid. A compound is insoluble if it does not dissolve in the liquid.
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An aqueous solution is a homogeneous mixture of a substance with water. When ionic compounds dissolve in water, they usually dissociate into their component ions.
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NaCl(s) NaCl(aq)
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A sodium chloride solution, NaCl(aq), does not contain any NaCl units. Only dissolved Na + ions and Cl − ions are present. Substances (such as NaCl) that completely dissociate into ions in solution are called strong electrolytes.
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Pure water does not conduct electricity. Ions in a sodium chloride solution conduct electricity, causing the bulb to light.
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AgNO 3 (s) AgNO 3 (aq)
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AgNO 3 (aq) is a strong electrolyte solution. When compounds containing polyatomic ions such as NO 3 − dissolve, the polyatomic ions dissolve as intact units.
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AgCl(s)
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Not all ionic compounds dissolve in water. AgCl does not dissolve in water. It does not dissolve into independent ions.
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A compound is soluble in a particular liquid if it dissolves in that liquid; a compound is insoluble if it does not dissolve in the liquid. For ionic compounds, empirical rules of solubility have been deduced from observations of many compounds.
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Soluble CompoundsExceptions NO 3 -, C 2 H 3 O 2 - Li +,Na +, K +, NH 4 + Cl -, Br -, I - Except those containing Ag +, Hg 2 2+, Pb 2+ SO 4 2- Except those containing Ba 2+, Ca 2+, Pb 2+, Sr 2+ Will dissolve in waterWill NOT dissolve in water
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For example: Ca(NO 3 ) 2 is soluble LiBr is soluble Hg 2 Cl 2 is insoluble CaSO 4 is insoluble
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Insoluble Compounds Exceptions S 2- Except those containing Li +, Na +, K +, NH 4 + Ca 2+, Ba 2+, Sr 2+ CO 3 2-, PO 4 3- Except those containing Li +, Na +, K +, NH 4 + OH - Except those containing Li +, Na +, K +, NH 4 + Those containing Ca 2+, Sr 2+, Ba 2+ are slightly soluble Will dissolve in water Will NOT dissolve in water
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For example: Al 2 S 3 is insoluble CaCO 3 is insoluble Pb(OH) 2 is insoluble K 2 S is soluble Na 3 PO 4 is soluble NH 4 OH is soluble
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Use the solubility rules to predict which of the following substances are likely to be soluble in water: Aluminum nitrate Magnesium chloride Rubidium sulfate Nickel (II) hydroxide Lead (II) sulfide Magnesium hydroxide Iron (III) phosphate Silver bromide
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