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2. 2 FELIX QUI POTUIT RERUM COGNOCERE CAUSAS

3. 3 P H Y S 1 8 1 ASTRONOMY

4. 4 A FEW RECENT DEVELOPMENTS…

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6. 6 Abell 1835 IR 1916: Virgo Cluster: Red shift Factor 11

7. 7 V838 Monocerotis

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16. 16 Is There Anybody Out There? An Exercise in the Method of ANALYSIS

17. 17 ANALYSIS: The separation of an intellectual or material whole into its constituent parts for individual study. dictionary.com

18. 18 300 B.C. Speculation of Life Elsewhere Physics – Biology – Chemistry – Sociology – Archeology Theology Lack of information and poor understanding lead us to analysis…

19. 19 FUNDAMENTAL QUESTIONS… 1.What is the likelihood that other Earth-like planets exist? 2.Given an Earth-like planet, what is the likelihood that life would arise there? 3.Given life, What is the likelihood that such life would develop intelligence? 4.Given intelligence, what is the likelihood that technology would be developed by such an intelligence? 5.Given technology, what is the likelihood that intelligent life would contact us or us them? Grounded in Science – Mindful of Uncertainty

20. 20 What is the likelihood that other Earth-like planets exist? Life on Earth is the only life KNOWN to exist…

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22. 22 Approximately 400 billion stars…

23. 23 50% Binary Stars... Sorry, No Planets Only 200 Billion Stars Left!

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25. 25 Other stars have planets… How many are Earth-like?

26. 26 High mass stars burn too fast… Low mass stars burn too cold… Only about 10% have the right mass.

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28. 28 UNCERTAINTY Optimism V.S. Pessimism

29. 29 Optimistic: All good stars have planets. Pessimistic: Only 10% have planets.

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31. 31 Optimistic: All good solar systems have at least one Earth-like planet. Pessimistic: Only 10% have Earth-like planets. EARTH-LIKE?

32. 32 Optimistic: 20 Billion Earth-Like Places Pessimistic: 200 Million Earth-Like Places

33. 33 Given an Earth-like planet, what is the likelihood that life would arise there? Optimistic: Life is certain Pessimistic: Only 10%

34. 34 Optimistic: 20 Billion Planets with Life Pessimistic: 20 Million Planets with Life

35. 35 Given life, what is the likelihood that life would develop intelligence?

36. 36 BIOLOGICAL CONVERGENCE

37. 37 Optimistic: Intelligence is a certainty Pessimistic: 1 in a million

38. 38 Optimistic: 20 Billion Planets with Intelligent Life Pessimistic: 20 Planets with Intelligent Life

39. 39 Given intelligence, what is the likelihood that technology would be developed by such an intelligence? Optimistic: All intelligent life develops the ability to send radio signals Pessimistic: Only 10% develop technology

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41. 41 Optimistic: 20 Billion Planets with Intelligent, Technological Life Pessimistic: 2 Planets with Intelligent, Technological Life

42. 42 Given technology, what is the likelihood that intelligent life would contact us or us them? Our estimate shows that we a reasonable suspicion that Intelligent, technological life to develop, or develop in the future, elsewhere in our galaxy.

43. 43 IS THERE ANYBODY OUT THERE?

44. 44 Berkley Online Infrastructure for Network Computing

45. 45 IMPORTANT 400 Billion Stars in Our Galaxy 50% of Them are Binary Large Stars Burn Quickly Our Moon Always Shows the Same “Face” Radio Signals are Common in our Universe

46. 46 NEXT TIME: A UNIVERSE OF S C A L E