1. William F. Manley, Leanne R. Lestak, and Eric G. Parrish INSTAAR, University of Colorado High-Resolution Orthorectified Imagery for Three Target Areas in Lake Clark National Park and Preserve (LACL), Southwest Alaska

2. Introduction This powerpoint presentation is a visual overview of high- resolution orthorectified imagery that is now available for the coastal and nearshore areas of three target areas within Lake Clark National Park and Preserve (LACL): Glacier Spit, Silver Salmon, and Tuxedni Bay. The imagery was completed as part of a pilot study by the University of Colorado in collaboration with the Southwest Alaska Network Inventory and Monitoring Program. Beyond analysis of coastal change, the imagery will be of interest to land managers, scientists, and others for observation and study of natural features and ecosystems.

3. Orthorectified Aerial Photography 1993 2004-2006 IKONOS (available separately) ca. 1950 1978

4. Goals The three, co-registered “timeslices” of imagery complement recent IKONOS acquisitions, and greatly improve the resolution, accuracy, and temporal extent of the previously georectified LACL coastal atlas. The imagery will be helpful for a broad range of studies, and to detect change in: cultural resources and archeological sites ecosystem components such as coastal zones, wetlands, geology, soils, lake & stream hydrology, and vegetation assemblages marine, terrestrial, and freshwater habitats for a variety of animals The imagery assists the goals of the Southwest Alaska Network for inventory and monitoring of natural resources.

5. Study Area coastal LACL three target areas with importance for resource management and other I&M studies

6. 1954-1957 5 frames Black and White 1:43,000 60 cm resolution 15.5 m accuracy

7. 1978 3 frames Color IR 1:65,000 1.0 m resolution 17.3 m accuracy

8. 1993 8 frames Black and White 1:24,000 30 cm resolution 7.2 m accuracy low tide (~MLLW)

9. Glacier Spit 1957 tidal channel dynamics beach accretion wetland changes forest expansion

10. Glacier Spit 1978 tidal channel dynamics beach accretion wetland changes forest expansion

11. Glacier Spit 1993 tidal channel dynamics beach accretion wetland changes forest expansion

12. Glacier Spit 2004 (IKONOS) tidal channel dynamics forest expansion beach accretion wetland changes

13. Silver Salmon 1957 coastal erosion forest expansion wetland changes tidal channel dynamics

14. Silver Salmon 1978 coastal erosion forest expansion wetland changes tidal channel dynamics

15. Silver Salmon 1993 coastal erosion forest expansion wetland changes tidal channel dynamics

16. Silver Salmon 2004 (IKONOS) tidal channel dynamics forest expansion coastal erosion wetland changes

17. Tuxedni Bay 1954 intertidal flat

18. Tuxedni Bay 1978 expansion of wetland vegetation after uplift of 1964 earthquake

19. Tuxedni Bay 1993 wetland changes

20. Tuxedni Bay 2006 (IKONOS) wetland changes

21. Tuxedni Bay 1978 (Perspective views are also possible)

22. Methods  Each frame fully orthorectified to the IKONOS reference imagery.  Procedure after extensive testing: ERDAS Imagine, with: air photo camera models IKONOS stereo Digital Terrain Model available camera calibration information image-to-image control points spread across frame  Horizontal accuracy for each frame then quantified with independent check points.  Errors can be reduced further for small areas.

23. 30 cm resolution 3.4 m accuracy 2 m resolution 260 m accuracy Comparison at Glacier Spit Previously Georectified Coastal AtlasThis Data Release

24. Available to the Public: readme file orthoimagery for 1993, 1978, and ca. 1950 index map layers FGDC metadata on 2 DVD’s Contact: Southwest Alaska Network Data Manager National Park Service Southwest Alaska Inventory and Monitoring Program 240 West 5th Avenue Anchorage, AK 99501 907-644-3684 Dorothy_Mortenson@nps.gov

25. Questions?: Southwest Alaska Network Data Manager National Park Service Southwest Alaska Network Inventory and Monitoring Program 240 West 5th Avenue Anchorage, AK 99501 907-644-3684 Dorothy_Mortenson@nps.gov William Manley, PhD Institute of Arctic and Alpine Research (INSTAAR) University of Colorado 1560 30th Street Boulder, CO 80309-0450 303-735-1300 William.Manley@colorado.edu or