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Prepared By: Shakil Raiman.  Density: Density of a substance is defined as its mass per unit volume.   Unit: kg/m 3, g/cm 3.

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Presentation on theme: "Prepared By: Shakil Raiman.  Density: Density of a substance is defined as its mass per unit volume.   Unit: kg/m 3, g/cm 3."— Presentation transcript:

1 Prepared By: Shakil Raiman

2  Density: Density of a substance is defined as its mass per unit volume.   Unit: kg/m 3, g/cm 3

3 For Regular Solid:  Measure the mass of the object.  Measure the dimensions. (Suppose for a cuboid length, width, and height)  Calculate volume by using dimensions. (Suppose for a cuboid Volume = length×width×height)  Calculate density by using formula density = mass/volume

4 For Irregular Solid:  Measure the mass of the object.  Take some suitable liquid within a measuring cylinder. The liquid should be enough so that the object sink completely. Measure the volume of the liquid. (V 1 )  Put the object into the liquid of the measuring cylinder. Measure the new volume of the liquid level. (V 2 )  Volume = V 2 – V 1  Calculate density. (density = m/ (V 2 – V 1 ))

5 For Irregular Solid:  Measure the mass of the object.  Take some suitable liquid within a displacement can. Wait for no liquid fall for the cal.  Put the object into the liquid and use measuring cylinder to measure the displaced liquid  Calculate density by using formula, density = mass/ volume.

6 For Liquid:  Take a measuring cylinder. Measure the mass of it. (m 1 )  Take the liquid within measuring cylinder. Read the volume of the liquid level. (V)  Measure the mass of the measuring cylinder with the liquid. (m 2 )  Mass of liquid = m 2 – m 1  Calculate density by using formula, density = mass/volume

7  Mass: Mass of a body is the measure of the amount of matter that it contains.  Weight: Weight of a body is the attractive force exerted on it due to gravity.  Inertia: Any object tends to remain in its own state of rest or motion. Such tendency is called inertia.

8 Mass of an objectWeight of an object is always the samevaries from place to place is a measure of inertiais a measure of force is measured using a beam balance or an electronic balance. is measured using a spring balance or a compression balance is measured in kgis measured in N mass: 1 kgWeight on Earth: 10 N Weight on Moon: 1.6 N

9  Pressure is force acting normally per unit area.  Pressure = Force / Area  Unit: Pascal (Pa), Nm -2, Ncm -2  If area is constant, Pressure increases if force increases and pressure decreases if force decreases.  If force is constant, pressure increases if area decreases pressure decreases if area increases

10  We have air around us and therefore there is atmospheric pressure.  Atmospheric pressure exists because of molecular bombardment of energetic molecules.  The normal atmospheric pressure is about 1.013×10 5 Pa. It is called 1 atmosphere ( 1 atm. )

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12  The pressure due to a liquid column depends on the depth, height and the density of liquid.  Liquid Pressure = height × density × g  P=h  g

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14  Open end:  Pressure at X = P 0 +hpg  Close end:  Pressure at Y = hpg

15  The pressure in a liquid depends on 1. the density of the liquid 2. the depth of the liquid  Note: the pressure in liquid does not depend on the area at any depth.  In the following picture, there is equal pressure at point A, B or C.

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17  Simple mercury barometer is used to measure atmospheric pressure.  Construction 1. a thick-walled glass tube ( about 1m long) is filled with mercury completely 2. the open end of the is covered with a finger and inverted 3. place the inverted tube in a mercury container  Observation: The height of the mercury column is found to be about  Atmospheric pressure=760 mmHg or 76 cmHg

18  Manometer is used to measure gas pressure.  Construction: The manometer consists of a U-tube containing a column of liquid. The liquid can be mercury, water or oil.  Pressure of Gas = P 0 +hpg

19  Pressure can be transmitted through a liquid in hydraulic presses and hydraulic brakes on vehicles.  A small force on smaller piston can cause greater force on greater piston.

20  Wish you all very good luck and excellent result.


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