1. Dr. Tono Nasch Russia Lubricants 2007, Moscow Online Wear Measurements by means of Radiotracer Technique

2. Overview  Conventional Wear Measurements  RNT Measurement Principle  Activation of Engine Parts  RNT Measurement System  Examples of RNT Tests  Summary

3. Conventional Wear Measurements Engine Components (Examples)  Camshaft  Cylinder Liner  Piston Ring (radial / axial)  Piston Ring Groove  Bearings  Timing Chain  […] Precision: 1 µm Based on pre- and post test measurements Long Running Time of Test Engine

4. RNT Measurement Principle The characteristic  -radiation of the wear particles originating from the activated area of the engine part is registered by a detector system RNT=Radio – Nuclid - Technique TLA=Thin – Layer - Activation

5. Activation of Engine Components

7. RNT – Area of Application MaterialIsotopeT1/2 [d]Min. Time of Usage [d] Cam / TappetFe / FeCo57 / Co56273 / 78820 / 240 Cylinder Wall / Piston Ring Fe / CrCo56 / Cr5178 / 28240 / 90 Conrod pin / Bearings CuZn65240720 BearingsAlSnNa22 / Sb120m 949 / 5.83000 / 20 BearingsPbSnBi2066.220

8. Example – Activation of Cam & Tappet - 4 mm+ 4 mm Isotope: Co-57 e.g. 30 µm depth 1 – 5 MBq one or several cams activated Isotope: Co-56 e.g. 50 µm depth 10 MBq one or several tappets activated

9. RNT Measurement System

10. CMD – Concentration Measurement Device

11. FMD – Filter Measurement Device

12. RMD – Reference Measurement Device

13. Examples of RNT Tests Volkswagen 650h Test:504.00 / 507.00, 521.95 250h Test:505.01, 521.67 Opel GM-LL-A-025; GEOS A/B BMW BMW Longlife-01/-04

14. Opel RNT Test Test Engine Gasoline Fuel Injection 4 cylinder 16 valve - 1998 cm³ Power max : 100 kW Torque max : 185 Nm Test Criteria Online Wear Rate: Camshaft:max. 5 nm/h (cams 2, 5, 7 inlet activated, Co-57) Tappets:max. 2 nm/h (all 16 tappets activated, Co-56) Test Operation -Running in 15 h -Pre Test Reference 35 h -Variation of speed 56 h (1000 - 6400 min -1 ) -Saw tooth 5 h (1000 min -1 - 6000 min -1 ) -Pitting 5 h (idle - 5000 rpm / WOT) -Variation of oil temperature 12 h (130 - 140 °C) -Post Test Reference10 h ____________________________ -Total138 h

15. VW RNT Test – Test Cycles Total test length 250 h Test 650 h Test

16. VW RNT Test – Online wear results [nm] hrs Oil Temperature Variation Tappet Wear Limit VW 250h Test Limit VW 650h Test Candidate Trends

17. Wear in relation to operational parameters Wear [mg] Oil Temp. [°C]Speed Wear Rate

18. Summary  RNT allows non-contact, continuous (online) wear measurements  RNT is applicable for all technical ferrous materials  RNT allows a selective measurement of critical zones  Up to two engine parts can be tested simultaneously regarding their wear behaviour  By means of RNT the wear behaviour of engine components in relation to critical running conditions can be evaluated  RNT allows wear measurements with a high measuring sensitivity (precision 1nm)

19. Institute for Fuels & Lubes Testing Thank you for your attention