2. Unique Challenges Living with an Invisible Print Disability

3. Learning Disabilities The Learning Process 1.Senses 2.Processing 3.Memory 4.Expression

4. Learning Disabilities Disruption of the Learning Process Senses  Sensory Impairment ADD/ADHD Processing Memory  Learning Disabilities Expression Acquired Brain Injury

5. Visual Processing Deficit Difficulty processing information received through the sense of sight Four main types….

6. Visual figure-ground deficit difficulty seeing a specific image within a competing background e.g. picking out specific lines on a page or words on a line

7. Visual sequencing deficit difficulty seeing things in the correct order e.g. letters or words can be flipped or seen completely in reverse

8. Visual discrimination deficit difficulty seeing the difference between two similar objects e.g. mistaken –‘c’ and ‘e’ –‘v’ and ‘u’ –‘n’ and ‘m’ –‘b’ and ‘d’ and ‘p’

9. Depth perception deficit difficulty perceiving how far away an object may be e.g. ………………

11. I need a volunteer…

12. The Farner the amb Mule A baradle told of farner ownep who olb mule. The nule mule stanb eoulp on the dotton. The farmer heard mulc braying-whatcver mvlcs bo when fall they into wells. Aftcr asscssing earefully situation, syndathized farmer with the mule, put becidep that meither nor mule the well was worth nule, dut deciped that the neither mule mor was wcll worth trovdle sauing. Insteap, calleb he his together meighpovrs anb……..

13. The Farmer and the Mule A parable is told of a farmer who owned an old mule. The mule fell into the farmer’s well. The water wasn't very deep, so the mule could stand on the bottom. The farmer heard the mule praying - or whatever mules do when they fall into wells. After carefully assessing the situation, the farmer sympathized with the mule, but decided that neither the mule nor the well was worth the trouble of saving….

14. ……... ….Instead, he called his neighbours together and told them what had happened... then he enlisted them to help carry dirt and bury the old mule in the well and put him out of his misery. Initially, the old mule was hysterical. But as the farmer and his neighbours continued shovelling and the dirt hit his back, a thought struck him. It suddenly dawned on him that every time a shovel load of dirt landed on his back he could shake it off and step up….

15. ……… ….This he did, blow after blow. "Shake it off and step up... Shake it off and step up... Shake it off and step up," the old mule repeated to encourage himself. No matter how painful the blows or how distressing the situation seemed, the old mule fought panic and just kept right on shaking it off and stepping up. It wasn't long before the old mule, battered and exhausted, stepped triumphantly over the wall of the well.

16. The moral of the story What seemed like it would bury him, actually helped him all because of the manner in which he handled his adversity. Life is about how we handle adversity.

17. Accessing Print Material in Auditory Format

18. Organizations RFB&D (Reading for the Blind and Dyslexic) Public Library CNIB (Canadian National Institute for the Blind)

19. Individuals Paid readers Volunteer readers

20. Technology Programs designed for individuals with visual impairments –e.g. zoomtext Programs designed for individuals without visual impairments –e.g. Kurzweil