1. Jennifer Whitaker City of Lewisville Resident

2. Jennifer Whitaker Bachelor of Science in Chemistry from University of North Texas 7 years experience in Aquatic Toxicology lab located in Denton Texas 8 years experience with Trinity River Authority Chemistry and Aquatic Toxicology laboratories Combined Experience of 15 years in environmental issues

3. West Nile Virus Infection Route Passed on to mosquitoes via blood from infected birds Virus then multiplies in the mosquitoes body for a couple of days and ends up in the salivary glands of the mosquito The virus is then passed from the infected mosquito to the bitten organism Other animals infected include cats, dogs, bats and livestock

5. Spraying: Least Effective Measure Must be applied directly to mosquitoes in order for the pesticide to work. Only about 10% of organisms are affected Most effective when applied to wings per the Duet TM Resource Guidewings Only effective on adult organisms Life span of mosquito is two weeks, so multiple applications are typically necessary

6. Excerpt from Duet TM Resource Guide

7. Toxic to Natural Predators Duet TM Dual Action Adulticide Currently used in Dallas County Considered for use in Denton County Chemical Makeup: View MSDSView MSDS View Product LabelProduct Label Do not apply to bodies of waterbodies of water Extremely Toxic to Aquatic Organisms Many aquatic species feed on mosquito larvae and eggs such as Dragonfly larvae and Gambusia affinis (Mosquito fish)

8. Exerpts from Product Label Aquatic Toxicity

9. Excerpts from Product label Directions for Use:

10. Natural Selection Not all mosquitoes exposed to the pesticide will die due to genetic variations that make them immune. Mosquitoes only have a two week life span which allows for adaptation to occur rapidly Use of more potent or toxic pesticides will be necessary to achieve the same outcome over time.

11. Possible Human Health Effects- Short Term Section V: Health Hazard Data of the MSDS for Duet TMMSDS for Duet TM Harmful if swallowed Can cause skin irritation; burning or prickling sensation in eyes, nose and mouth May cause temporary tearing, irritation and blurred vision Excessive inhalation of mists can cause nasal and respiratory irritation (Note: This is an issue especially for asthmatics)

12. Exerpt from MSDS

13. Long Term Health Effects Long term exposure to chemical pesticides have been shown to effect the immune system Leading to allergies Increase in auto immune disease such as cancer and lupus Impaired Immune system leads to more serious cases of WNV Note: Long term effects of the use of Duet TM have not yet been determined.

15. WNV Symptoms Mild Case: fever, headache, body ache, skin rash, swollen lymph nodes Severe case (neuroinvasive): Severe Headache, neck stiffness, stupor, disorientation, coma, tremors, convulsion, muscle weakness and paralysis. Rarely death Source: TDSHS West Nile Fact Sheet

16. WNV Statistics Only 20% of infected people experience mild symptoms –which means that 80% of infected people have no symptoms at all. Less than 1% of infected people experience severe symptoms Only 1118 WNV cases reported currently in the United States for 2012 47 of the reported cases have resulted in death

17. Let’s look at the Real numbers Current Population of U.S: 314,242,000 Only 1118 WNV documented (<0.0004 % of population) Only 47 deaths documented (<0.0002% of population) Current Denton County Population:686,406 -Only 119 WNV cases documented (<0.02% of population) -Only 1 Death documented (0.0001% of population) Information gathered from CDC and Denton County Health Website-current 2012 statistics

18. Remember DDT? The use of chemical pesticide DDT was widely used in urban aerial sprays to control urban mosquito, gypsy moths, Japanese beetle and other insects in the 1940’s. By 1972, DDT was banned from the United States due to widespread development of resistance to DDT and evidence that DDT use was increasing preterm births and also harming the environment.

20. Long Term Approach for Lewisville Public Education is Key Provide information on City website Information sent home to parents via school system Informative flyers placed in prominent public locations

21. Long Term Approach for Lewisville Information must emphasize the 4 D’s for mosquito control DEET: apply insect repellent to clothes and skin before going outdoors Dress: when weather permits wear long sleeves and pants when outdoors Dawn and Dusk: Stay indoors at these times during which mosquitoes are most active Drain: Standing water is a breeding ground for mosquitoes.