1. Tamara Yankovich Division of Transport Radiation and Waste Safety
International Working Forum on Regulatory Supervision of Legacy Sites (RSLS)
Tamara Yankovich Division of Transport Radiation and Waste Safety
Vienna, Austria
22-24 October 2013
“MODARIA”

2. Talk Outline: Concepts and context.
Overview of development of international standards.
Objectives of IAEA’s MODARIA Programme.
Linkages between development of IAEA standards and international model validation programmes (e.g., MODARIA).
Relevance of MODARIA to the Regulatory Supervision of Legacy Sites (RSLS).
Focus of MODARIA Working Group 1 (WG1).

3. Who are we? Some details about the IAEA

4. Key Activities of the IAEA include:
COORDINATION.
INFORMATION EXCHANGE.
AGENCY’S SAFETY STANDARDS.
Consensus

5. International COORDINATION
The objective is to establish a ‘coordinating mechanism’ to facilitate coordination of work amongst international and regional organizations by reviewing their ongoing work on relevant topics, for example, related to radiation protection.
This involves coordination amongst international and regional organizations (e.g. UNSCEAR, ICRP, IUR, OECD/NEA, EC and national institutions for coordination).
STRENGTH in coordination

6. Information EXCHANGE . . . . . information SHARING
Fostering information exchange on radiation protection to facilitate early identification of issues by regulators, by national bodies of research and expertise in radiation protection, and by other key stakeholders.
information SHARING

7. Development of IAEA SAFETY STANDARDS
SUPPORT to Member States through understanding, experience and practical implementation of the framework.
REVIEW of existing IAEA Safety Standards and the implications of including radiation protection in these standards.
DEVELOP safety requirements for radiation protection of the environment and related safety guides (as appropriate).
DEVISE a technical framework and methodology for drafting procedures that may be used to demonstrate compliance with the objectives of radiation protection of the environment.
PROVIDE for the application of Safety Standards through assisting in the development of national capabilities.
Applications

8. Radiological Environmental Impact Analysis
Safety Fundamentals
(high-level objectives,
concepts & principles)
IAEA Document HIERARCHY
Safety Standards
(‘shall’ requirements)
Radiological Environmental Impact Analysis
Safety Guides
(‘should’ recommended actions, conditions
or procedures to meet safety requirements)
Underpinning
Level of MODARIA
Outputs:
Transfer parameters to non-human biota
xxx
Technical Report Series &
Technical Documents
(technical basis)

9. Objective of MODARIA (MOdelling and DAta for Radiological Impact Assessments)
To improve capabilities in the field of environmental dose assessment by means of acquisition of improved data for:
Model testing
Model testing and comparison
Reaching consensus on modelling philosophies
Approaches and parameter values
Development of improved methods
Information exchange
This project addresses the need to strengthen national capabilities to control public exposures in various fields of peaceful uses of nuclear technology, including exposures from natural radiation sources.
Transfer of knowledge will be achieved through a series of training courses and workshops on specific topics such as releases from various installations (e.g. nuclear power plants), transboundary public exposure, public and environmental exposure assessment and programmes and systems for source and environmental monitoring.

10. To Address this Objective
Need to know what is included in a Radiological Impact Assessment (RIA); and
How it relates to an Environmental Impact Assessment (EIA).

11. What is an Environmental Impact Assessment (EIA)?
An assessment of the possible impacts that a proposed project may have on the environment, consisting of the environmental, social and economic aspects.
The purpose of the assessment is to ensure that decision-makers consider the environmental impacts when deciding whether or not to proceed with a project.
I am going to start out by defining what an Environmental Impact Assessment (EIA) is, since this is broader, and will then provide a definition of a Radiological Impact Assessment (RIA).

12. What is an Environmental Impact Assessment (EIA)?
The International Association for Impact Assessment (IAIA) defines an environmental impact assessment as "the process of identifying, predicting, evaluating and mitigating the biophysical, social, and other relevant effects of development proposals prior to major decisions being taken and commitments made.“
Environmental
Human
Socioeconomic
I am going to start out by defining what an Environmental Impact Assessment (EIA) is, since this is broader, and will then provide a definition of a Radiological Impact Assessment (RIA).

13. What is an Environmental Impact Assessment (EIA)?
Exposure
Receptor
RISK
Hazard
What is an Environmental Impact Assessment (EIA)?
Therefore, although EIA includes consideration of radioactivity, this is only one part of an EIA.
In the case of a remediation project, the objective is to eliminate or reduce impacts, such that there is a net beneficial effect.
I am going to start out by defining what an Environmental Impact Assessment (EIA) is, since this is broader, and will then provide a definition of a Radiological Impact Assessment (RIA).

14. What is a Radiological Impact Assessment (RIA)?
By comparison, a radiological impact assessment is focused on evaluation of potential impacts associated with radiological doses to humans and the environment, as reflected in the human health and ecological risk assessment (HHERA).
Additionally, RIA can include estimates of benefit per unit radiological dose reduction, etc.
EIA
RIA

15. What is a Radiological Impact Assessment (RIA)?
Radiological impact assessment is an ongoing process that is part of the EIA, but is also often carried out throughout the remediation work in the development of safe work plans and details considered in implementation, for example.
EIA
RIA

16. So What??? Some underlying objectives of risk assessment include:
Demonstration protection of people and the environment;
Demonstration of compliance of regulatory requirements;
Retrospective “characterization”;
“Characterization” of the existing situation; and
Prospective “prediction”.
Validation of model predictions at intervals over time (based on monitoring data).

17. This Involves:
Harmonized protection of both humans and the environment.

18. Key Steps in Harmonized Protection
Tool Development
Tool Testing
Compilation, Evaluation & Harmonization
Compatibility, Consensus & Guidance
e.g., CROM (SRS-19), RESRAD codes, ERICA, PC-CREAM (& others)
MODARIA, EMRAS-II, EMRAS (& predecessors – VAMP, BIOMASS, etc.)
e.g., IAEA guidance on Radiological Environmental Impact Analysis, Revision of Safety Review Series (SRS)-19, etc.
IAEA, ICRP, UNSCEAR, etc.

19. Objective of MODARIA (MOdelling and DAta for Radiological Impact Assessments)
To improve capabilities in the field of environmental dose assessment by means of acquisition of improved data for:
Model testing
Model testing and comparison
Reaching consensus on modelling philosophies
Approaches and parameter values
Development of improved methods
Information exchange
So this brings us back to our objective of the MODARIA programme and its predecessors, such as VAMP, BIOMASS, EMRAS, and EMRAS II, which is broadly to develop and validate international tools

20. MODARIA Structure: 4 Themes, 10 Working Groups
THEME 1: REMEDIATION OF CONTAMINATED AREAS
Working Group 1: Remediation strategies and decision aiding techniques.
Working Group 2: Exposures in contaminated urban environments and effect of remedial measures.
Working Group 3: Application of models for assessing radiological impacts arising from NORM and radioactively contaminated legacy sites to support the management of remediation.
With direct relevance to RSLS, e.g., concepts, frameworks, case studies

21. MODARIA Structure: 4 Themes, 10 Working Groups
THEME 2: UNCERTAINTIES AND VARIABILITY
Working Group 4: Analysis of radioecological data in IAEA Technical Reports Series publications to identify key radionuclides and associated parameter values for human and wildlife exposure assessment.
Working Group 5: Uncertainty and variability analysis for assessment of radiological impacts arising from routine discharges of radionuclides.
Working Group 6: Common framework for addressing environmental change in long term safety assessments of radioactive waste disposal facilities.
Working Group 7: Harmonization and intercomparison of models for accidental tritium releases.
Parameterization of Models and Model Validation
for use in EIA and RIA (with relevance to RSLS WG2).

22. MODARIA Structure: 4 Themes, 10 Working Groups
THEME 3: EXPOSURE AND EFFECTS ON BIOTA
Working Group 8: Biota modelling: Further development of transfer and exposure models and applications to scenarios.
Working Group 9: Models for assessing radiation effects on populations of wildlife species.
Model Validation for use in EIA and RIA (e.g., Human Health and Ecological Risk Assessment (HHERA), with consideration of potential impacts of radionuclides and non-radiological contaminants (multiple stressors).

23. MODARIA Structure: 4 Themes, 10 Working Groups
THEME 4: MARINE MODELLING
Working Group 10: Modelling of marine dispersion and transfer of radionuclides accidentally released from land-based facilities.
Model Validation for use under non-steady state (or dynamic conditions).

24. IAEA Scientific Secretaries
MODARIA Working Group 1
Remediation Strategies and Decision-aiding Techniques
IAEA Scientific Secretaries
Working Group Leader
Mr Sergey Fesenko
(Ms Tamara Yankovich to serve as co-Scientific Secretary)
IAEA NAEL-Terrestrial Environment Laboratory, Seibersdorf Laboratories
Phone: +43 (1)
Ms Tamara Yankovich
(new leader to be identified)
IAEA Division of Radiation, Transport and Waste Safety,
Vienna International Centre (VIC),
Room B0764
Phone: +43 (1)

25. MODARIA Working Group 1 (WG1):
Remediation Strategies and Decision-aiding Techniques
Objectives:
Analyze the decision-making process based on experience gained from past radiological emergencies and remediation efforts (e.g., post-Chernobyl; legacy sites).
Extract lessons learned in terms of social, economic and environmental costs.
Prepare case studies for comparison of decision-making models.
Review and compare existing decision-aiding models.
Provide recommendations on how to improve the decision-making process for remediation planning.

26. MODARIA WG1 Draft Work Plan:
6/5/2013
Information Gathering on Decision-making Process
International Frameworks/Approaches/Tools/Models
Key decision-making components of case studies
Review and Standardization of Information (Template)
Available international frameworks/approaches/tools/models
Planned decision-making models (e.g., PREPARE)
Remediation Case Studies
Presentations by Member States
Review of case studies (lessons learned; identification of decision chain; review of outcomes of core decisions)
Population of Template Identifying Key Decision-making Aspects
Case Study Analyses
Two Scenarios Selected (Chernobyl post-accident; Uranium legacy sites)
Model outputs from MODARIA WG3 to decision-making frameworks in WG1 (joint interim meeting; June 2013)
Consideration of additional case studies (information is being gathered)
Application of Selection Decision Models to Case Studies
Started out

27. IAEA Scientific Secretary
MODARIA Working Group 3
Application of models for assessing radiological impacts arising from NORM and radioactively contaminated legacy sites to support the management of remediation
IAEA Scientific Secretary
Working Group Leader
Mr Russel Edge
Decommissioning & Remediation Unit Waste & Environmental Safety Section (Room B0749) Division of Radiation, Transport & Waste Safety International Atomic Energy Agency (IAEA) Vienna International Centre PO Box VIENNA AUSTRIA Tel: +43 (1) Fax: +43 (1)
Mr Rodolfo Avila Moreno
Director, Facilia AB Gustavslundsvägen 151C SE BROMMA SWEDEN Tel: +46 (8) Fax: +46 (8) /

28. Methodology, models comparison and model development to simulate complicate scenarios of the human expose and possible impacts to the environment, allowing to reduce uncertainties in the Safety Assessment (SA) and EIA
EIA and SA methodology specific application for different type of NORM case studies and legacy sites
Development of specially adapted tool for dose assessment (“NORMALIZA”)
Visiting legacy sites, exchange of data, discussion, consultancy, contribution to the development of Guidelines document for modeling tools application via IAEA communication mechanisms.
(Thank you to Rodolfo Avila and Oleg Voitsekhovych for the WG3 slides)

29. Proposals, Ideas, Expectations
IAEA is open for Proposals and Ideas to develop cooperation, using MODARIA platform
Methodology development (ISAM, EIA for remediation, Site Conceptual Model approach)
Extension of Case Studies (NORM to be discussed)
Inter-comparison exercises (Model-model, Model –Data).
Development of tools for modeling and procedures for the result interpretation, using different as a part of Safety Assessment methodology (Immediate Safety cases and Long-term Impact prediction)
WELCOME FOR YOUR IDEAS AND CONTRIBUTION

30. Summary:
A key focus of the IAEA is the development of international guidance in IAEA Safety Standards, which are hierarchical in structure.
Underlying the higher-level safety fundamentals, safety requirements, and safety guides are technical documents (e.g., TECDOCs, TRS), which provide the technical basis for IAEA safety guidance.
Model validation and data compilation programmes, such as MODARIA, form the foundation of IAEA technical documents.
There is overlap between MODARIA and RSLS with respect to concepts of EIA and RIA, and also more broadly with MODARIA Theme 1, which is focused on remediation.

31. Thank YOU!!