1. Supporting community action on AIDS in developing countries MDG’s and the Law: Creating an Enabling Legislative Environment Anton Kerr Head of Policy – The International HIV/AIDS Alliance Chair – The Commonwealth HIV&AIDS Action Group

2. Supporting community action on AIDS in developing countries Why is an enabling legislative environment essential to meet MDG6? 1.State of the global AIDS epidemic 2.Legal environments that influence HIV responses 3.How punitive laws undermine efforts to scale up HIV prevention, treatment, care and support 4.Examples of how laws impact on effective HIV responses 5.Why law reform is urgent 6.Role of Parliamentarians – the change you can make happen 7.India – the complexities of leadership and change for good

3. Supporting community action on AIDS in developing countries State of the global HIV epidemic 34 million living with HIV globally HIV related deaths fell to 1.8 million, from 2.2 five years ago 2.5 million deaths averted though scaled up access to ARV’s The rate of new infections fell in 33 countries 68% of PLWA live in Sub-Saharan Africa (only 12% global population) and it is where 70% of new infections occurred in 2010 New infections in SS Africa have fallen by 26% 6.6 million people on ARV’s, 20% increase in the last year alone Infection rates amongst ‘key populations’: sex workers, MSM, people who use drugs are up to ten times higher than the infection rate in the general population – the impact of bad laws

4. Supporting community action on AIDS in developing countries Legal environments that influence HIV response comprises: Laws and regulations, including customary and religious laws Judgement of courts, tribunals and traditional village courts Law enforcement practices of police and prosecution authorities Management of prison systems and other closed settings such as detention centres for people who use drugs Programmes providing access to justice for communities through legal aid for PLWA and education for communities about their rights

5. Supporting community action on AIDS in developing countries Punitive laws undermine efforts to scale up HIV prevention, treatment, care and support Laws that criminalize ‘key populations’ make the delivery of a public health approach very difficult They increase stigma and discrimination Dissuading the most vulnerable from claiming their rights to access health services Can exacerbate gender inequality Prevent effective HIV prevention services, including providing condoms and clean needles Encourage police harassment of outreach prevention

6. Supporting community action on AIDS in developing countries Examples of how laws impact effective HIV responses In Russia where injecting drug users are criminalized HIV prevalence has doubled in the past five years and 60% of drug users are now HIV+ In Australia, the UK, Canada, Netherlands where drug use is treated as a public health issue HIV infection amongst people who use drugs is less than 1% In Cambodia supporting sex workers to access and consistently use condoms has lead to 250% reduction in HIV over 14 years with similar successes observed in Cotonou and Benin. Much of this success is attributed to engaged and supportive police force Where sex between men is criminalized HIV prevalence rates are as high as 40% amongst MSM compared to less than 5% in countries committed to equality

7. Supporting community action on AIDS in developing countries Why law reform is urgent The lives that can be saved, the human, social and financial costs that can be reduced Global financial crisis leading to greater focus on value for money, on what works - evidence based, rights based Need to invest in responses appropriate to local epidemic It is now possible to bring an end to AIDS - UNAIDS Investment Framework, Treatment as Prevention The most undermining laws are remnants of colonialism

8. Supporting community action on AIDS in developing countries Role of Parliamentarian – the change you can make happen Know your epidemic Engage with communities affected by HIV, identify their vulnerability – what can you change Facilitate dialogue between the Ministry of Heath and Justice Promote an informed and progressive police force who understand the importance and role of HIV prevention Promote peer support for law reform amongst like minded MP’s through APPG’s and across the Commonwealth Utilize the Commonwealth Secretariat for technical support to fast track law reform

9. Supporting community action on AIDS in developing countries India – the complexities of leadership and change for good This short film tries to capture in a few minutes a battle that took 10 years to successfully repeal the colonial sodomy law that remains in place in the majority of Commonwealth states. There is so much to be done to realize the potential we have to bring an end to AIDS in a generation, we need to work better together to do this faster, smarter, better. Thank you

10. Supporting community action on AIDS in developing countries THANK YOU!