1. The Controversy Behind Stem Cell Research Tonya Blevins Toye Lowe Sakinah Alston Jasonta Norris Kiva Browning

2. The History of Stem Cell Research and the Politics that Follow Sakinah Alston

3. Stem cell research has the potential of curing and treating diseases and injuries that have been deemed incurable for many years. Potential uses of Stem cells

4. Different Stem Cell Research Techniques Different Stem Cell Research Techniques 1868, 1981, 1998 1950, 1960, 1990’s 2006, 2007 Embryonic Stem Cells Adult Stem Cells Induced Pluripotent Stem Cells

5. Embryonic Stem Cells  1868 – Known as the fertilized egg that becomes an organism  1981 – Scientists discovered ways to derive embryonic stem cells from early mouse embryos  1998 – The isolation of the first batch of human embryonic stem cells

6. Adult Stem Cells  1950’s – Two types of stem cells discovered; Blood & Skeletal  1960’s – Two regions of the brain were discovered  1990’s – Discovered the brain contains three major cell types

7. Induced Pluripotent Stem Cells  2006 – Created from a mouse at Kyoto University in Japan  2007 – Created human induced pluripotent stem cells

8. The government against Stem Cell Research (comic relief)

9. Federal Funding Ban  2001 – President Bush prohibited federal funding on cell lines derived after August 09, 2001  2007 – Executive order by the president supporting research for Adult stem cells  2009 – President Obama lifted the restrictions on embryonic stem cells research

10. State Funding

11. Federal Funding for Stem Cell Research before and after the 2001 compromise of embryonic stem cell research.

12. Source: A Research! America poll of likely voters conducted in partnership with JZ Analytics in August 2012

13. Olijah McKinney - 3 year old boy received stem cell treatment last year for a rare cancer called Neuroblastoma, has been found cancer free as of June 11, 2013

14. Psychology & Sociology Impact Jasonta Norris

15. Psychology & Sociology Impact on Research Scientific Community Believes stem cell brings greater advancement Prolife Activists Believe that using an embryo for research should be banned

16. Stem cell research Public Opinion stats Source: Statistic Brain www.statisticbrain.com www.statisticbrain.com

17. In Favor of Stem Cell Research People that live with certain medical conditions Diabetes, Parkinson's, Spinal cord injuries Certain Religious Groups Support research, don’t consider embryos as human beings.

18. Groups not in Favor of Stem Cell Research - A bortion Groups Using embryos from abortions Using unused embryos from fertility clinics

19. Religion & Sociology Church Leaders & Religious Institutions Human life is created by God Social Impact Potential to impact and treat diseases in millions of Americans

20. Economics & Ethical Issue Toye Lowe

21. Types of Stem Cells Early Embryonic BlastocystFetal

22. Early Embryonic Stem Cells Are derived from embryos. Most embryonic stem cells are derived from embryos that develop from eggs

23. Economics & Ethics The structure formed in early development of vertebrates is called the blastocyst. National Institutes of Health, Turning Discovery Into Health (2013), Embryonic Stem Cells, Blastocyst, retrieved from: http://stemcells.nih.gov/info/pages/glossary.aspx

24. Fetal Stem Cells  This is the most controversial  At this stage the fetus has taken human form  Is the fetus life less important?

25. Umbilical Cord Stem Cells

26. Adult Stem Cells

27. Ethical Concerns  Religion  In Vitro Fertilization  Fetal Stem Cells

28. Religion  Human Embryonic Research is unethical and Immoral.  Jewish law forbids the taking of one life to save another

29. In Vitro Fertilization  Embryos are either abandoned or left in frozen storage  So why not use them for research?

30. What Influences You?

31. Pro Life vs. My Choice

32. Family & Friends  How far should researchers take stem cell technologies?  Should the government provide funding for embryonic stem cell research?  Should there be laws to regulate stem cell research?  Do embryonic stem cells represent a human life?

33. Changes in Federal Law

34. Results BabiesSaving Lives

35. Science & Environment Tonya Blevins

36. Stem Cell Theory  Different from an other cell: –Ability to replicate into other cells or tissues –Ability to replace damaged or cells that have died  Focus –Replacing defective cells/tissues –Gene therapy (1900’s) –How to put stem cells into patients Types: –Adult Stem Cells –Cord Blood Stem Cells –Embryonic Stem Cells http://www.stemcellscience.info/stem_cell_theory.htm

37. Why Are Stem Cells Important?  Stems are important to living organisms because: –3 to 5 day old embryos (blastocyst) are cells to the entire body, and organs like the heart, lungs, bone marrow, skin, etc. –Regenerative Abilities Reparative Medicines –Possible combat birth defects

38. Potential uses of Human Stem Cells  Induced Pluripotent Stem Cells  Therapeutic Cloning –(Somatic Cell Nuclear Transfer)  Somatic Stem Cells

39. 3D Printing with Embryonic Stem Cells  Allows for creation of three dimensional tissues  Paves the way for artificial organs & tissues  Means of transplantation for various diseases

40. The Great Debate: Cloning  What is Cloning?  How is cloning done? –Artificial Embryo Twinning –Somatic Cell Nuclear Transfer  Is cloning an organism the same as cloning a gene? http://learn.genetics.utah.edu/content/tech/stemcells/quickref/

41. Why Clone?  Medical Purposes –Animals models of diseases –Stems cells for research –Pharming for drug production  Reviving Endangered Species  Reproducing a deceased pet  Cloning Humans

42. Obstacles & Risks to Overcome Associated Obstacles  Ethical Issues  Legal Issues  Social Issues Associated Risks  Mutation or gene defects  High failure rate  Problems during later development  Telomeric differences

43. Stem cell Research through Media and Art Kiva Browning

44. BEAUTY IN MICROSCOPIC IMAGES OF STEM CELLS  Art is a way to express ideas creatively whether socially or politically http://www.stemcellnetwork.ca/index.php? page=gallery&hl=eng

45. Fine Art Contest

46. McMaster Museum of Art

48. World Wide Web  Internet communications medium  Reaches countless consumers/ uncontrollable  Businesses market and advertise from around the world  Social media

49. Online Stem Cell Clinics

50. F.D.A Prohibits advertising, testimonials or medical claims being made on websites regarding medical stem cell therapy

51. Beware Stem Cell Fraud!!!  Exploit vulnerable impressionable families  Guaranteeing cures  High cost for experimental treatments  Unlicensed Doctors performing treatments  Other countries may not require studies to test safety and effectiveness

52. Stem cell research shows great promise in the near future to prolong quality of life for those with debilitating conditions. http://www.stemcellnetwork.ca/index.php?page=galle ry&hl=eng

53. Summary