1. DEVELOPMENT, FINANCE & TRADE

2. Human Rights in an Imperfect World  What are the causes and consequences of the pronounced inequalities between the great powers and the disadvantaged countries trapped in poverty?

3. Figure 9.1: Urban Poor by Region

4. The Colonial Origins of the Global South’s Plight  The First Wave of European Imperialism  The Second Wave of European Imperialism  Self-Determination and the Decolonization in the 20 th Century

5. North & South Today: Two Worlds Apart  Gross National Income  Least Developed of the Less-Developed Countries

6. Theoretical Explanations of Underdevelopment  Internal Factors: Classical Economic Development Theory  International Factors: Dependency Theory  Controversy: Theories of Development: A Return to Modernization?

7. Theoretical Explanations of Underdevelopment  Closing the Gap?  Oil & Technology  The Global East  Military Security  Reform of the Economic Order  Regional Trade Regimes  Foreign Aid and Remittances

8. Theoretical Explanations of Underdevelopment  Controversy: Multinational Corporations in the Global South: Do They Help or Hurt?

9. The Global South’s Future  The Global Context for Interpreting Contemporary Economic Change  International Political Economy (IPE)  What is Globalization?

10. The Global South’s Future  Money Matters: The Transnational Exchange of Money  The Globalization of Finance  Monetary Policy: Key Concepts and Issues  The Bretton Woods System  Financial and Monetary Aspects of the Bretton Woods System  The End of Bretton Woods

11. The Global South’s Future  Money Matters: The Transnational Exchange of Money Cont’d  Floating Exchange Rates and the Financial Crisis  Controversy  The IMF Bank, and the Structural Adjustment Policies: Is the “Cure” worse than the Disease  The Crisis of 2008  Reforming the International Financial Architecture?

12. The Globalization of Trade  Trade, Multinational Corporations and the Globalization of Production  The Globalization of Labor  The Shadow of the Great Depression  The Clash Between Liberal and Mercantile Values Commercial Liberalism Merchantilism

13. Trade and Global Politics  The Fate of Free Trade  Trade Tricks  The Uneasy Coexistence of Liberalism and Mercantilism  The Development of the WTO  Controversy: Globalization’s Growing Pains: Is the World Trade Organization a Friend or Foe?  An Emerging Regional Tug-of-War?

14. Trade and Global Politics  The Fate of Free Trade  Trade Tricks  The Uneasy Coexistence of Liberalism and Mercantilism  The Development of the WTO  Controversy: Globalization’s Growing Pains: Is the World Trade Organization a Friend or Foe?  An Emerging Regional Tug-of-War?

15. World Trade and the Financial Crisis  Downturn in the overall world economy  “Multiplier Effect”  Trade Finance dried up