1. 1 Chapter 7 Solutions and Colloids 7.2 Solubility Copyright © 2005 by Pearson Education, Inc. Publishing as Benjamin Cummings

2. 2 Solubility is the maximum amount of solute that dissolves in a specific amount of solvent. expressed as grams of solute in 100 grams of solvent water. g of solute 100 g water Solubility

3. 3 Unsaturated Solutions Unsaturated solutions contain less than the maximum amount of solute. can dissolve more solute. Dissolved solute Copyright © 2005 by Pearson Education, Inc. Publishing as Benjamin Cummings

4. 4 Saturated Solutions Saturated solutions contain the maximum amount of solute that can dissolve. have undissolved solute at the bottom of the container. Copyright © 2005 by Pearson Education, Inc. Publishing as Benjamin Cummings

5. 5 Supersaturated Solutions Supersaturated solutions An unstable solution that contains an amount of solute greater than the solute solubility. Also has undissolved solute at the bottom of the container. Copyright © 2005 by Pearson Education, Inc. Publishing as Benjamin Cummings

6. 6 At 40  C, the solubility of KBr is 80 g/100 g H 2 O. Identify the following solutions as either 1) saturated or (2) unsaturated. Explain. A. 60 g KBr added to 100 g of water at 40  C. B. 200 g KBr added to 200 g of water at 40  C. C. 25 g KBr added to 50 g of water at 40  C. Learning Check

7. 7 A. 2 Amount of 60 g KBr/100 g water is less than the solubility of 80 g KBr/100 g water. B. 1 In 100 g of water, 100 g KBr exceeds the solubility of 80 g KBr water at 40  C. C. 2 This is the same as 50 g KBr in 100 g of water, which is less than the solubility of 80 g KBr/100 g water at 40  C. Solution

8. 8 Effect of Temperature on Solubility Solubility Depends on temperature. Of most solids increases as temperature increases. Of gases decreases as temperature increases.

9. 9 A. Why could a bottle of carbonated drink possibly burst (explode) when it is left out in the hot sun ? B. Why do fish die in water that is too warm? Learning Check

10. 10 A. The pressure in a bottle increases as the gas leaves solution as it becomes less soluble at high temperatures. As pressure increases, the bottle could burst. B. Because O 2 gas is less soluble in warm water, fish cannot obtain the amount of O 2 required for their survival. Solution

11. 11 Solubility and Pressure Henry’s Law states the solubility of a gas in a liquid is directly related to the pressure of that gas above the liquid. at higher pressures, more gas molecules dissolve in the liquid.