1. Muscular System 8A Samantha, Jerry, Jessica

2. Table of Contents 1. The role of muscular system-- Pg3 2. The major organs in muscular system-- Pg4 3. How do these organs work together-- Pg5&6 4. Which systems are related to muscular system-- Pg7&8 5. The levels of organization in muscular system– Pg9&10 6. Common diseases in muscular system– Pg11&12 7. How to maintain a health system– Pg13 8. The two professions that work with muscular system– Pg14 9. Did you know facts– Pg15 10. References Page– Pg16

3. What does the Muscular System do? The muscular system’s main purpose is movement. Without the muscular system an organism couldn’t move their limbs or even beat their heart. You cannot control the majority of the muscle system. Those muscles are controlled by the automatic nervous system.

4. What are the major organs that make up the muscular system? There are no main muscle organs but there are other organs made up of the muscle tissue.  Heart- is made out of (involuntary) cardiac muscle.  Stomach and intestine- is made out of (involuntary) smooth muscle.  Biceps- are made of skeletal (voluntary) muscle.

5. How do these organs work together? Skeletal muscles (they are voluntary muscles, and a single voluntary muscle can only contract or pull) are set up in pairs, one of them pull the bone, and another one pull the bone in a different direction. Voluntary muscle The voluntary muscles are contracting

6. Smooth muscles (not consciously control by the brain; they are located in the walls of organs) propel food along, regulate blood flow, and decrease the size of your pupils. They are connected directly to one another to allow electrical pulses to pass through. Smooth muscle cardiac muscle Cardiac muscles (not consciously control by the brain; only found in the heart) Cardiac muscle contracts throughout life to pump blood from the heart to everywhere of the body. They are also connected directly to one another to allow electrical pulses to pass through.

7. Which systems are related to muscular system? Skeletal system : tendons help form a connection between soft contracting muscle cells to hard bone cells (connect muscles to bones ) ; ligaments (batches of connective tissue in the skeletal muscle) bind bones to each other. ligament

8. Which Systems are related to the muscular system? Nervous system : The muscular system is closely connected to the nervous system. You have to think before you can move your limbs, but there are involuntary muscle like in your heart, that’s when the nervous system’s neurons do the “thinking.” Most muscles are involuntary. The nerve receives the stimulus and send it to your brain, and then controls your voluntary muscle to react. nerve Muscle tissue

9. The levels of organization in muscular system The cardiac muscle is found in the heart. It pumps the blood through the body. The cardiac tissue ( involuntary muscle that can not be controlled consciously) is one kind of tissue that found in the heart. Cardiac tissue Heart Cardiac tissue Organ Tissue Cells Heart Cardiac tissue Muscle cells

10.  Like skeletal muscle cells, cardiac muscle cells are striated, or striped.  Hormones and signals from the brain adjust the rate of contraction but it stimulates itself to contract. The levels of organization in muscular system Cardiac muscle cell nucleus

11. Common Diseases in Muscular system  Muscular dystrophy(MD) (the muscles get weaker and weaker and slowly stop working) happens with a problem of the genes, which passes down from your parents. Kids with MD have trouble getting up from a chair, playing sports, or even walking.  Certain exercises like breathing exercises do help prevent kids with MD from getting pneumonia. Some kids take medications like Steroids.

12. Common Diseases in Muscular system  Amyotrophic lateral sclerosis(ALS) (progressive neurodegenerative disease that affects nerve cells in the brain) is a fatal disease that cause the losing control of voluntary muscle, which makes it difficult to swallow and breath. The disease causes paralysis and death.  Scientists don’t know what cause ALS yet, but in 1993, scientists discovered that mutations in the gene that produces the enzyme were associated with familial ALS. Stephen Hawking is a scientist who mostly paralyzed by ALS

13. How to Maintain a Health System?  Maintaining a healthy muscular system consists of mainly using your muscles and eating healthy. It’s a good idea to exercise and stretch your muscles. Eating foods high in protein helps with the development of muscles.

14. The two Professions that Work with Muscular System ~There is no type of doctor that treats muscular diseases and disorders. Some doctors may treat conditions which affect the muscles. ~A massage knead muscle, it reduce pain after vigorous exercise and help muscles recover. It also eases inflammation, improves blood flow and reduces muscle tightness.

15. Did you Know?  The adult body has 600 muscles!  The strongest muscle in the body is the tongue !  The largest muscle in the body is the gluteus maximums muscle in the buttocks !  You have over 30 facial muscles which create looks like surprise, happiness, sadness, and frowning!  Eye muscles are the busiest muscles in the body. Scientists estimate they may move more than 100,000 times a day!

16. References Page 1. Biology4kids.com: Animal Systems: muscular system http://www.biology4kids.com/files/systems_muscular.html 2. Nerves, somatic nervous system http://medicaltems.info/anatomy/nerves/ 3. The Muscular System: How do we move around http://www.interactive-biology.com/3373/the-muscular-system-how-we-move-around/ 4. Human heart http://www.123rf.com/photo_15915115_illustration-of-a-human-heart-cross-section.html 5. Biology for kids: Muscle in the Human Body http://www.ducksters.com/science/muscles.php 6. MUSCULAR SYSTEM| FactMonster.com http://www.factmonster.com/dk/science/encyclopedia/muscular-system.html 7. Master Muscle Blog|A well designed plan for body builders http://mastermuscle.wordpress.com/ 8.Healthy kids ideas.com http://www.healthykidsideas.com/wp-content/uploads/protein1.jpg 9. Lifting weights just makes you big and bulky… a rant http://benwarstler.com/lifting-weights-just-makes-you-big-and-bulky-a-rant/ 10.Muscle movement. http://www.sciencedaily.com/releases/2012/10/121023100940.htmhttp://www.sciencedaily.com/releases/2012/10/121023100940.htm

17. The End