1. Fig. 5-2, p. 74

2. Table 5-1, p. 80

3. Fig. 5-3, p. 74 Exergonic reactions, such as aerobic respiration, end with a net output of energy. Such reactions help cells access energy stored in chemical bonds of reactants. glucose (C 6 H 12 O 6 ) + 6 O 2 6 CO 2 + 6 H 2 O energy in energy out Endergonic reactions, such as photosynthesis, proceed only with a net input of energy. Cells can store energy in the products of such reactions.

4. Fig. 5-4, p. 75 ENERGY OUT With each conversion, there is a one-way flow of a bit of energy back to the environment. Nutrients cycle between producers and consumers. NUTRIENT CYCLING producers consumers ENERGY OUT Energy continually flows from the sun. ENERGY IN Sunlight energy reaches environments on Earth. Producers of nearly all ecosystems secure some and convert it to stored forms of energy. They and all other organisms convert stored energy to forms that can drive cellular work.

5. Fig. 5-5, p. 76 ADP + P i base (adenine) ribose three phosphate groups reactions that require energy reactions that release energy ATP

6. Fig. 5-6, p. 76 activation energy with enzyme Time Energy starting substances: glucose and phosphate activation energy without enzyme product: glucose-6-phosphate

7. Fig. 5-27, p. 89

8. Fig. 5-8, p. 78 active site altered, substrate can bind allosteric activator allosteric binding site vacant enzyme active site substrate cannot bind X X active site altered, can’t bind substrate allosteric binding site vacant; active site can bind substrate allosteric inhibitor

9. Fig. 5-10, p. 79

10. Fig. 5-11, p. 79

11. Fig. 5-12, p. 80

12. Fig. 5-16, p. 82 water dye

13. Fig. 5-17, p. 83 Glucose and other large, polar, water-soluble molecules, and ions (e.g., H +, Na +, K +, Cl –, Ca ++ ) cannot cross on their own. lipid bilayer Oxygen, carbon dioxide, small nonpolar molecules, and some molecules of water cross a lipid bilayer freely.

14. Fig. 5-18, p. 84

16. Fig. 5-19, p. 85

17. Fig. 5-20, p. 86 An ATP molecule binds to a calcium pump. higher concentration of calcium ions outside cell compared to inside calcium pump The shape of the pump returns to its resting position.

18. Fig. 5-20, p. 86 The ATP transfers a phosphate group to pump. The energy input causes the pump’s shape to change. ADP + P i The shape change permits calcium to be released to opposite side of membrane. A phosphate group and ADP are released. Calcium enters a tunnel through the pump, binds to functional groups inside.

19. Fig. 5-21, p. 86 The fluid volume rises in the second compartment as water follows its concentration gradient and diffuses into it. hypotonic solution in first compartment hypertonic solution in second compartment Initially, the volumes of the two compartments are equal, but the solute concentration across the membrane differs.

20. Fig. 5-22, p. 87 1 liter of 10% sucrose solution 2% sucrose solution 1 liter of distilled water 1 liter of 2% sucrose solution

21. Fig. 5-23, p. 87