1. Brandon Keim and Jennifer Runkle VanGoozen, S., Frijda, N., Van de Poll, N. (1995). Anger and aggression during role-playing: Gender differences between hormonally treated male and female transsexuals and controls. Aggressive Behavior, 21, 257-273.

2. Issue Females vs. Males in aggression /anger-proneness Animal Testing Rats Females given testosterone increased aggression Castrating males decreased aggression Unethical to perform equivalent study on humans Possible Human Exception Transsexual females – biological females given androgen hormones Transsexual males – biological males given estrogen and deprived of androgens

3. Groups: Male-to-Female Transsexuals Female-to-Male Transsexuals Male Controls Female Controls Role-Playing: 35-minute videotape (5, Six-minute segments) Imagine being in aversive, physically stressful and frustrating situation

4. Cardiovascular – peak and mean Heart Rate (HR) Diastolic Blood Pressure (DBP) Systolic Blood Pressure (SBP) Psychological Assessment 12-item list with 7-point intensity rating ASQ (anger proneness score)

11. Female-to-male transsexuals Were most anger prone and aggressive Responded strongest at times of anger provocation Male-to-female transsexuals Were least anger prone and aggressive Had highest BP values Were least affected at times of anger provocation Controls Fem had lowest cardiovascular response Male and Fem groups about equal in intensity of anger- related moods and aggressive behavior Fem group had lower mean and peak levels than Male group

12. Liked Women’s aggression is found to be less intense than men’s Male-to-female transsexuals were less aggressive than control women and female-to-male transsexuals were more aggressive than control males A heated room can cause situations to be more anger-inducing Disliked Used role-playing as the equivalent of actually being in anger/aggression- inducing situations. Oftentimes we act differently when confronted with a real-life situation than we originally imagine that we would have. He only had six to 17 participants in each group. Therefore there weren’t really enough subjects to generalize to a greater population. There was no pre-test to determine if the transsexuals had higher or lower aggression to begin with before hormone treatment began. Unable to determine that hormones are the sole factor in aggression proneness.

13. 1. T/F Giving estrogen to female rats increases their aggression 2. T/F Female-to-male transsexuals reported more aggression than any other group 3. T/F Male and Female controls were about equal in intensity of anger-related moods and aggressive behavior 4. There were ____ groups in this experimental design A. Two B. Four C. Five D. Six 5. ASQ stands for ______________ A. Anger Standardizing Quota B. Anger Proneness Score C. Aggressive Stance Questionnaire 6. Transsexual females were given ______________ A. Androgens B. Oestrogens C. Mullerian Inhibiting Hormone