2. Realism Presented by:

3. Overview Definition of Realism Key Philosophers Effects on Education Group Activity

4. Realism Things exist whether or not the human mind perceives them. Objects are characterized by their properties, such as: Size Shape Weight Color

5. Each of these acorns is different based upon their: size various shapes different weights range of colors However, they each retain the universal property that can be called “acornness”.

6. Aristotle Classical Realist Aristotle believed that everything has a purpose or function. He believed in a Golden Mean – there should be no lack or excess.

7. Aristotle’s syllogism moves from specifics to generalizations: Sound comes from things that exist A falling tree makes sound

8. Therefore, the tree exists.

9. Thomas Aquinas Religious Realist Believed only God teaches. We, the teachers, motivate. Primary agencies of education are family, God, and state, respectively.

10. Sir Francis Bacon Modern Realist Did not have the presupposition of God Is considered the father of the inductive method

11. The inductive method moves to generalizations from specifics: A tree creates sound waves as it falls. Sound waves are moving patterns of air compression. These compressions are heard as sound when they strike the eardrum. All falling trees create air compression patterns. Therefore, all trees create sound as they fall.

12. John Locke Modern Realist His major contribution was the development of an acute awareness of experience. We are born tabula rasa (as a blank slate). Formulated the doctrine of substance.

13. John R. Searle Contemporary Realist The external world exists independent of human thought. Consciousness is as much an ordinary biological phenomenon as is digestion.

14. Realism in the Classroom Focuses on the basics of reading, writing and arithmetic. Classroom environment is highly structured and organized. Utilization of standardized testing. Education should be fun and interesting for the student. Education should prepare students for life in the real world.

15. Advantages of Realism Teachers: It gives testing results that can help prove that the students are learning the material Parents: gives a parent something tangible to look at School Corporation: State and Federal funding dollars come from how well students perform on mandated testing

16. Disadvantages of Realism: Teachers: Teachers are held accountable for how their students perform on standardized testing. Parents: When a child’s score isn’t what the parents expect it to be the parent looks for someone to blame. School Corporation: Schools can lose valuable funds because of test scores.

17. Activity Arrange yourselves into your presentation groups. As a group, work to use the parts provided to create a functioning machine. When finished, your machine should successfully crack the shell of the provided nuts. The groups that accomplish this task in the time allowed will receive a snack!