1. Introductory Thermodynamics Virtual Molecular Dynamics Institute Boston University 2002 Linda Culp Thorndale HS lculp@thorndale.txed.net Kathi Hopkins Robinson HS kathopkins@aol.com

2. Introduction Students will discover energy relationships & concepts through observation, experimentation, and application using Simulab and traditional wet labs. Abstract molecular concepts are quantitatively modeled using graphics, charts, and data lists with variables that can be manipulated.

3. Our Goal Students will gain an understanding of energy relationships through multiple learning modes.

4. Major Concepts Energy Potential energy Kinetic energy System dynamics Total energy Temperature Law of conservation of energy Energy transfer & pathways Exothermic and endothermic reactions. Heat Volume Work Heat capacity

5. State Curriculum Standards Adheres to TEKS (Texas Essential Knowledge & Skills) objective for chemistry, physics, & biology. http://www.tea.state.tx.us/rules/tac/chapter112/ch112c.html http://www.tea.state.tx.us/rules/tac/chapter112/ch112c.html Assessed by TAKS (Texas Assessment of Knowledge & Skills) Follows guidelines of Advanced Placement chemistry, physics, biology

6. Intended Audience Entry level 1 st year chemistry or physics students – 10 th grade. Extensions appropriate for Advanced Placement or Honors Chemistry and Biology

7. Placement in Curriculum Basic concepts of energy required in all sciences Replace traditional unit Both wet lab and Simulab. Prior experience: –Math and reading skills of a typical 9 th & 10 th grade student. –SMD and Excel or Graphical Analysis

8. Adjustments/Adaptations Unit proceeds from basic to advanced concepts. Advanced levels proceed to enthalpy and Hess’s Law. Without computers, teachers may utilize wet labs, overhead projectors, graph paper, and graphing calculators.

9. Time 7 – 50 minute class periods. Minimal preparation for computer activities Preparation of demonstrations & wet labs – varies with situation - 10 to 15 minutes.

10. Electronic Equipment-optional PC or Mac CBL with probes Graphing calculators Computer lab to accommodate groups of 2-3 students Data projector to show Simulab demonstrations VMDL software & Simulab files Overhead projector Graphing program: ex: Excel or Graphical analysis

11. Teaching Resources Wet Labs: –Baggie Reaction –Production of Gas in a syringe –Specific Heat of Metals –Balloon Experiment –Calcium metal – Ammonium thiocyanate labs SimuLabs: –VMDL software & Simulab files –SMD States of Matter “Experiment 1A”SMD States of Matter “Experiment 1A” –SMD player “temperature.smd”SMD player “temperature.smd” –SMD player “reaction”SMD player “reaction” –SMD “Simulab Icebreaker”SMD “Simulab Icebreaker”

12. References Chemistry by Steven Zumdahl (4 th edition) Houghton Mifflin Co, Boston, Mass. 1997 Flinn Scientific http://www.flinnsci.com/ (source for chemicals) http://www.flinnsci.com/ Modern Chemistry Holt Rinehart & Winston, 1993 Shakhashiri, Bassam Z. Chemical Demonstrations (Vol 3) The University of Wisconsin Press, Madison, WI 1989 TAKS http://www.tea.state.tx.us/rules/tac/chapter112/ch112c.html http://www.tea.state.tx.us/rules/tac/chapter112/ch112c.html TEKS http://www.tea.state.tx.us/rules/tac/chapter112/ch112c.html http://www.tea.state.tx.us/rules/tac/chapter112/ch112c.html Virtual Dynamics Laboratory Manuals & Software, Center for Polymer Studies, Boston University, 2002.

13. Objectives: Students will be able to: –Day 1: Observe changes in energy Identify different forms of energy Interpret energy relationships with SMD software –Day 2: Discover relationships between potential & kinetic energy Collect data through computer simulations to determine the effects of temperature upon energy Graphically record & analyze collected data to predict trends

14. Objectives: –Day 3 Analyze computer models in open systems Prepare & observe effects of gas production Compare the SMD models of expanding gases to experimentally obtained data. Formulate an hypothesis relating work & energy. –Day 4 Calculate specific heat values –Day 5 Determine specific heat of known metals Compare experimentally obtained specific heats with actual values. Identify unknown metal using experimentally obtained data.

15. Objectives: –Day 6 Deduce the effects of high heat capacity of water on surrounding materials –Day 7 Compare and contrast exothermic and endothermic reactions Design and defend a concept map of terms within the unit.

16. Unit Timeline & Instructional OutlineInstructional Outline Day One: Mini LabBaggie Reaction DiscussionConcepts & observations SMD-PlayerIntro to simple E, KE, & PE Day Two: DiscussionReflect on prior concepts Instructions“Experiment 1a Simulab” ClassworkData table & class average graph DebriefSimulab results & connections

17. Unit Timeline Day Three : DiscussionConnections with Law of Conservation of energy. SMD PlayerExpanding gases, work & conservation of Energy Min-LabProduction of gas in syringe DebriefConnections between mini lab & Simulab Day Four: ModelingProblem-solving AssignmentHeat capacity problems Pre-LabSpecific heat of metals

18. Unit Timeline Day 5: Mini ActivityExpanding gases DiscussionConnections to prior concepts LabSpecific heat of metals DebriefReflect & make connection Day 6: Mini ActivityBalloon Experiment SMD ActivityVirtual Modeling DebriefReflect & make connections

19. Unit Timeline Day 7 Mini LabCalcium metal/ammonium thiocyanate DebriefReflect & Make connections ActivityConcept Map PresentationsStudent presentations

20. Assessments Learning journals or lab book record Student participation rubric Problem-solving assignment showing accurate work Lab report rubric Concept map & presentation

21. Extensions –Biology – Observe the changes in the potential energy of a molecule as it moves through a membrane. See pot_energy-membrane.umv –Links: –http://scifun.chem.wisc.edu/HOMEEXPTS/FIREBALL OON.htmlhttp://scifun.chem.wisc.edu/HOMEEXPTS/FIREBALL OON.html –www.science.demon.co.uk/handbook/18.htmwww.science.demon.co.uk/handbook/18.htm –http://bradley.bradley.edu/~campbell/demo.htmlhttp://bradley.bradley.edu/~campbell/demo.html