1. Lecture 13 May 4, 2014 Fundamentals of Purity and Prayer

2. Breaking Prayer

3. Breaking the Prayer Necessary to break any prayer: To respond to a call from someone in an emergency or distress, to prevent an injury to someone, if someone is in imminent danger, to save a life Permissible to break any prayer: To prevent the theft or loss of anything worth at least 1 dirham, regardless of who the item belongs to For a shepherd to protect his sheep from a wolf or any threat For a midwife if she fears the death of the child in birth For a traveler if fear of highway robbery

4. Prayer of Traveler

5. Watan asli Permanent residence Prayers are never shortened here Watan iqama Temporary residence, where one intends to stay for 15 days or more Prayers are not shortened here, unless the person makes intention to travel or intends a new watan iqama Safar State of travelling 48 miles or more away from one’s watan, intending to stay for 14 days or less Wajib to shorten all 4 rak’at fard prayers to 2 rak’at

6. Prayer of Traveler Distances are measured from the borders of the hometown and the town where one is travelling to A person who intends to travel a distance of 48 miles or more will become a traveler once he passes the limits of his city A person will become a resident once he crosses the boundaries of his hometown Or he makes the intention to remain in any place for 15 days or more Intention is necessary for determining one’s status as traveler or resident

7. Prayer of Traveler Wajib to shorten all 4 rak’at prayers to 2 rak’at while travelling If one does not, will be considered makruh tahrim If one prays 4 rak’at forgetfully and remembers during the prayer, must perform sajdah sahw Sunnah prayers may be left while traveling 2 rak’at before Fajr are highly emphasized to pray Once one reaches his destination, should pray one’s sunnah prayers if possible Will not be shortened

8. Prayer of Traveler Permissible for traveler to pray behind resident imam Traveler must perform the full prayer Permissible for traveler imam to lead resident(s) in prayer Traveler imam should inform the congregation that he is a traveler, before and after the prayer When traveler imam finishes 2 rak’at, resident followers will not say salams and complete the remaining 2 rak’at Without reciting any Qur’an Any missed prayers while traveling must be shortened when made up, even if no longer traveling Prayers missed while resident will be made up in full, even if traveling

9. Prayer of Sick Person

10. If one cannot stand due to sickness/injury, he will perform prayer while sitting Performing ruku and sujud as usual If cannot perform ruku or sujud sitting, will perform by indicating using his head If cannot sit at all, will lie down on back or side with face directed toward Qibla and indicate using his head If cannot indicate using head, will postpone the prayer and make it up later If condition persists for 6 prayers or more, will not need to be made up Same ruling for one who loses consciousness/sanity for 6 prayers or more

11. Missed Prayers of Deceased Missed prayers due upon a person should be indicated in one’s will For the one who passes away without having made up prayers due upon him, the family should give away one fidyah in charity for each missed fard and witr prayer Permissible to give multiple fidyah to a single poor person One may bequeath up to 1/3 of their wealth to go toward missed prayers Not permissible to make up the actual prayers on behalf of the person

12. Witr Prayer

13. The witr prayer is mandatory (wajib) to pray after the fard of Isha Consists of 3 rak’at, prayer together with one set of salams In the 3 rd rak’at, it is mandatory to recite Al-Fatiha then one additional surah Afterward, one says “Allahu akbar” while raising the hands in the same manner as the Takbir Tahrima (raising hands is sunnah) One then remains standing and recites the qunut (mandatory) silently, then completes the rest of the prayer If one forgets to recite the qunut, should perform sajdah sahw Prayed in congregation only in Ramadan

14. Sajdah Sahw

15. Sajdah sahw is mandatory (waib) when one Unintentionally misses a wajib during prayer Delays a wajib during prayer Delays a fard during prayer If a wajib is intentionally left, wajib to repeat the prayer After reciting tashahhud in final sitting Perform single salam to right Recite takbir and perform 2 normal sujud Perform the final sitting from beginning and complete prayer as normal

16. Sajdah Sahw If forget to perform sahw If still sitting in place of prayer without having performed any non-prayer actions Immediately perform the sajdah of sahw and finish the prayer as usual Otherwise wajib to repeat the prayer within its time When praying behind imam: Only perform sahw if imam does, regardless of any mistakes you made during prayer Unless you joined prayer late and made mistake individually after imam completed his prayer

17. Sajdah Sahw Examples of acts which require sahw: Reciting Al-Fatihah twice Forgetting additional surah in first 2 rak’at of fard prayer Forgetting additional surah in any rak’at of non-fard prayer Performing extra ruku or sajdah Standing after first sajdah (missed sajdah must be made up) Reciting past tashahhud in any non-final sitting Forgetting to recite qunut in witr Recitation of imam counter to soft/loud ruling

18. Sajdah Sahw Examples of acts which do not require sahw Reciting additional surah after Fatihah in 3 rd or 4 th rak’at of fard prayer Repeating same surah in consecutive rak’at of fard/wajib prayer Leaving the thana, ta’awwudh, tasbihat in ruku/sajdah Reciting something else in place of Al-Fatihah in 3 rd or 4 th rak’at of fard prayer

19. Emphasized Sunnah Prayers

20. Sunnah Prayers Emphasized sunnah – these prayers are close to the ruling of mandatory (wajib) in regard to sin, as leaving emphasized sunnahs persistently without excuse entails serious blame and misguidance Emphasized sunnah prayers: Fajr time: 2 rak’at before fard (*most emphasized, close to wajib) Dhuhr time: 4 rak’at before fard, 2 rak’at after fard Asr time: none Maghrib time: 2 rak’at after fard Isha time: 2 rak’at after fard Jumu’ah: 4 rak’at before fard, 4 rak’at after fard, 2 rak’at after

21. Mustahabb Prayers Mustahabb prayers: 4 rak’at before Asr 4 rak’at before Isha 4 rak’at after Isha 6-20 rak’at after Maghrib (salat al-awabin) 2 rak’at to greet the mosque (tahiyyat al-masjid) 2 rak’at after performing wudu 4-12 rak’at of late morning prayer (salat al-ishraq/ad-duha)

22. Mustahabb Prayers Any voluntary (nafl) prayer Prayer of making a decision (salat al-istikhara) Prayer of need (salat al-haja) Night prayer before the two ‘Id Night prayer during last ten nights of Ramadan Night prayer during first ten nights of Dhu’l-Hijjah Night prayer of the 15 th of Sha’ban

23. Questions?