1. Tracking Multiple Occluding People by Localizing on Multiple Scene Planes Professor ：王聖智 教授 Student ：周節

2. Outline Introduction Related work Localization Algorithm Tracking Algorithm Result Conclusion Reference

3. Outline Introduction Related work Localization Algorithm Tracking Algorithm Result Conclusion Reference

4. Introduction Surveillance Detection Tracking

5. Introduction If the object is isolated… Physical properties are useful. Such as color, shape… It is much simpler.

6. Introduction ? But if the objects are not isolated… Occlusion Lack of visibility In crowded and cluttered scenes

7. Introduction Difficulty It’s difficult to track individual people when occlusion occurred.

8. Outline Introduction Related work Localization Algorithm Tracking Algorithm Result Conclusion Reference

9. Related work Monocular Approach Multi-camera Approach

10. Monocular Approach Handling occlusions (1) Color and shape (2) Objects contours and appearances (3) Blob split and merge analysis (4) ……

11. Monocular Approach Drawbacks (1) Can’t deal with full occlusion. (2) Can’t deal with long periods. Therefore (1) Single view is limited. (2) Multi-camera is preferred.

12. Multi-camera Approach Methods (1) Construct 3D model using voxel (2) Calibrated camera to obtain 3D locations (3) Switching camera (4) Stereo camera (5) ……

13. Multi-camera Approach Problems (1) Features might be corrupted by occlusions. (2) Very similar color and shape. (3) Full occlusion. Therefore This paper…

14. Outline Introduction Related work Localization Algorithm Tracking Algorithm Result Conclusion Reference

15. Localization Algorithm 1.Obtain the foreground likelihood maps 2.Obtain reference plane homographies 3.Compute and find the localization

16. Localization Algorithm 1.Obtain the foreground likelihood maps –Model Background using a Mixture of Gaussians. –Perform Background Subtraction to obtain foreground likelihood information.

17. Localization Algorithm 2.Obtain reference plane homographies –Homography Constraint

18. Homography Constraint (R, T)

19. Homography Constraint

22. Localization Algorithm x 1 ~x n are the observations in images. X is the event that the pixel is inside a foreground object. L(x i ) is the likelihood of observation x i belonging to the foreground.

23. Example

26. Localization Algorithm For robustness Modeling Clutter and FOV Constraints

27. Example

28. Localization Algorithm For robustness –Localization at Multiple Planes

29. Outline Introduction Related work Localization Algorithm Tracking Algorithm Result Conclusion Reference

30. Tracking Algorithm Object trajectories are spatially and temporally coherent. T=0 T=10 T=20 T=30

31. Tracking Algorithm Spatially and temporally coherent

32. Tracking Algorithm

33. DEMO

34. Outline Introduction Related work Localization Algorithm Tracking Algorithm Result Conclusion Reference

35. Result Case 1 –Parking lot

36. Result Multi-camera improves performance.

37. Result Case 2 –Indoor

38. Result Multi-plane improves performance.

39. Result Case 3 –Basketball View limited –Error –Miss

40. Result Case 4 –Soccer Background limited –Error –Miss

41. Outline Introduction Related work Localization Algorithm Tracking Algorithm Result Conclusion Reference

42. Conclusion To resolve occlusions and localize people: Planar homography constraints are used to fuse foreground likelihood information. Detection and tracking are performed simultaneously in the space-time occupancy likelihood data.

43. Conclusion Advantage –Very good performance when occlusions occur. –No calibration is needed. –Only 2D constructs, purely image-based.

44. Conclusion Disadvantage –If a person’s appearance is very similar to the background or –If a person is occluded by some portion of the background itself. –If a part of the scene is occluded in all views by the foreground objects. Solutions –Add other models –like color model,human motion model…

45. Reference Saad M. Khan and Mubarak Shah, “Tracking Multiple Occluding People by Localizing on Multiple Scene Planes”, IEEE Transactions on Pattern Analysis and Machine Intelligence, Volume: 31, Issue: 3, March 2009 S.M. Khan and M. Shah, “A Multi-View Approach to Tracking People in Crowded Scenes Using a Planar Homography Constraint,” Proc. Ninth European Conf. Computer Vision, 2006.

46. Property 1.Do not use color models or shape cues of individual people 2.Our method of detection and occlusion resolution is based on geometrical constructs and requires only the distinction of foreground from back-ground, which is obtained using standard background modeling techniques. 3.the core of our method is a planar homographic occupancy constraint that combines foreground likelihood information from different views to resolve occlusions and determine regions on scene planes that are occupied by people. 4.consistently warp (under homographies of the reference plane) to foreground regions in every view. 5.The reason we use foreground likelihood maps instead of binary foreground maps is to delay the thresholding step to the last possible stage. 6.multiple planes parallel to the reference plane to robustly localize scene objects. 7.To track,we obtain object scene occupancies for awindow of time and stack them together, creating a space-time volume. 8.designing an energy functional that combines scene occupancy information and spatio-temporal proximity. 9.Homographies induced by the reference plane between views are computed using SIFT feature matches and employing the RANSAC algorithm. 10.The result is that our approach is purely image based and performs fusion in the image plane without requiring to go in 3D space, and thus eliminating the need for fully calibrated cameras.

47. Monocular Approach Methods (1) Blob tracking (2) Shape and Color (3) Adaboost and Particle filter (4) ……