1. The AP Exam
Questions 1 and 2

2. The “What” and the “How”
All questions 1&2 have these two parts The WHAT = the message, the thematic concern, the meaning of the work as a whole The HOW = the literary elements used to create meaning The HOW might be called: literary devices, literary techniques, resources of language, narrative techniques, stylistic devices

3. No matter what the College Board calls it…
The HOW part of the question asks you to …
demonstrate your ability to identify literary devices (characterization, setting, diction, irony, imagery)
connect those to meaning (the WHAT).
This, as you know, is the heart of analysis.

4. Read over the sample College Board essay questions 1&2 from 2005-6.
Activity
Read over the sample College Board essay questions 1&2 from
Mark the WHAT and the HOW for each question by underlining the WHAT once, and the HOW twice

5. 2005 (Q1) and 2006 (q2)
(Q1)Read the two poems carefully. Then in a well- written essay, compare and contrast the two poems, taking into consideration the poetic techniques Blake uses. (Q2)Then in a well-developed essay, discuss how the narrator’s style reveals his attitudes toward the people he describes.

6. Questions 1&2: 2014
Carefully read the following poem by the poet and novelist John Updike. Then, using specific references to the poem’s language and techniques, write a well-organized essay analyzing how Updike conveys the complex relationship between the novelist and the characters in the novel. The following passage is from Charlotte Brontë’s novel Shirley (1849). In the passage, the narrator describes the age of eighteen as an important threshold. In a well-organized essay, analyze how Brontë uses literary techniques to characterize the phases of life her protagonist is leaving and entering.

7. Question 3: open ended, free response
From a novel or a play choose a character (not necessarily the protagonist) whose mind is pulled in conflicting directions by two compelling desires, ambitions, obligations, or influences. Then in a well-organized essay, identify each of the conflicting forces and explain how this conflict within one character illuminates the meaning of the work as a whole. HOW IS THIS DIFFERENT FROM QUESTIONS 1&2?

8. Question #3: 2014
In many works of literature, relationships between siblings (brothers or sisters) create, clarify, or complicate central themes of the work. Choose a novel or play in which a sibling relationship—positive or negative—functions to deepen a central theme. Write a well-organized essay in which you analyze how the sibling relationship contributes to the meaning of the work as a whole. Do not merely summarize the plot.

9. Prose Analysis for the AP Exam
Strategies and techniques for timed writings

10. Quick review: the “what and the “How”
The WHAT = the message, the theme, the meaning of the work as a whole The HOW = the literary elements used to create meaning 2005: Read the passage below and write an essay discussing how the characterization in the passage reflects the narrator’s attitude toward McTeague. In your essay, consider such elements as diction, detail, and syntax. 2006: The following passage is an excerpt from Lady Windermere’s Fan, a play by Oscar Wilde. Read the passage carefully. Then write a well-organized essay in which you analyze how the playwright reveals the values of the characters and the nature of their society.

11. Analyzing under time constraint
Prewriting—it can make or break your response
Read the question and the piece of literature without making any notations.
Read the question again and analyze it for the “what” and the “how.”
Read the selection again and analyze it for the elements suggested in the prompt. This means: mark it up and annotate!
Re-examine the prompt
Sift through your annotations, looking for patterns and elements that seem especially significant in light of the prompt.
Compose your thesis. Try to answer the prompt in one or two sentences.

12. Look for repetition (words, phrases, images, sentence structure)
Annotation reminders
Look for repetition (words, phrases, images, sentence structure)
Note unusual word choices or phrases that jump out at you
Note figurative language (simile, metaphor, personification)
Note imagery (visual, auditory, tactile)
Think about purpose (why write about that subject?)

13. “Story of an Hour”
Activity

14. Preparing to write AP Test Question 2
PROMPT Read the short story below and write an essay discussing how the development of character in the story reflects Kate Chopin’s attitude toward the role of women. In your essay, consider such elements as diction, imagery, and syntax.
Independently:
Analyze the question and find the “what” and the “how.” Bracket and label.
Re-read the story and do a focused analysis according the “how.”

15. . Before you write… As a group: Compare annotations
Decide which you’ll include to meet the expectations of the prompt.
Put your ideas together on a sheet of poster paper as you see below. .
Text examples
List and identify all the best ideas
Look for patterns to emerge
Thesis
After noting patterns, write thesis
answer the prompt, include theme+because
Specific examples:
Narrow choices from the first column
List only those that best support thesis
Be sure to label them: syntax, image

16. Body: Conclusion: Short introduction:
Timed essay structure
Short introduction:
2-3 sentences that make clear reference to the question
Use key words from prompt
But don’t just restate it, answer it!
Body:
At least 2 fully developed paragraphs.
Address each technique and relate each to meaning.
Always come back to the “what.”
Use text references, both quotes and direct reference. Quote only the most apt sections of a line/lines…make use of your ellipsis mark.
Conclusion:
Not absolutely necessary
If you have time, a sentence or two is sufficient.

17. What to avoid in timed analysis
Writing to discover your ideas
Writing a reader response (your opinions and reactions) rather than analysis
Defining terms—just use them correctly
Major “scratch-outs”—just draw a line through error
Skipping lines
Sloppy writing
Praising the author

18. Prose Question- “post-test”
Remember the timing for these experiences:
Total 40 minutes
Spend about minutes on pre writing/planning
This includes: analyzing the prompt , reading the text, marking the text, designing a thesis that ANSWERS the prompt.
Spend remaining time (27-25 minutes) writing your response

19. Remember organizational issues
Prose “post-test”
Remember organizational issues
Answer the prompt in a solid thesis—this is not the same as simply repeating the prompt!
Short introduction
Well-developed body
Use apt and specific references to the text
Use the language of analysis (but don’t define it)
Short conclusion that returns to the WHAT

20. Grading of this “post-test”
Prose “Post-test”
Grading of this “post-test”
I will score it on the College Board rubric (9-1)
I will multiply your score by 2 and give you that number of points (formative)
18-16 A (9-8)
15-14 B (7)
13-12 C (6)
11-10 D (5)