1. Understanding Smoking Etiology through TVE Models Society for Research on Nicotine and Tobacco March 13, 2012

2. Understanding is influenced by the view… Nicotine Dependence Symptoms

3. … and by the timing of that view

4. Direction of relationship between smoking and ND? Probability of Dependence Number of Cigarettes/ Wk predicted observed Dierker et al., 2007, UpTERN data Relationship between Smoking Quantity and DSM-IV Nicotine Dependence

5. Methods Sample: Social-Emotional Contexts of Adolescent Smoking Patterns (SECASP) Study, a longitudinal study of novice adolescent smokers with 6 assessment waves (baseline and 6, 15, 24, and 48 months following baseline). Former experimenters (<100 cigarettes/life; no smoking 90 days) Recent experimenters (<100 cigarettes/life, smoked in 90 days) Current smokers (>100 cigarettes/life,smoked in past 30 days) Measures: Smoking regularity: # days smoked/ past 30. Smoking/Tobacco exposure: # cigarettes/past 7 days. Nicotine dependence: Average score on the 10-item adolescent version of the NDSS

6. Smoking Quantity

7. Nicotine Dependence

8. Implications …. Intervening on smoking behavior following early exposures with programs that focus on limiting exposure and helping kids to recognize symptoms. Low level smokers who have established somewhat more regular patterns will require intervention that addresses symptoms of dependence.

9. TVE providing an important additional perspective…

10. Acknowledgements Arielle Selya, Jennifer Rose, Robin Mermelstein, Don Hedecker, Runze Li and Xianming Tan Center Grant (NIDA DA010075) awarded to the Methodology Center, Penn State University P01CA098262 from the National Cancer Institute R01 DA022313-01A2, R01 DA022313-02S1 and R21DA024260 from the National Institute on Drug Abuse