1. Relevant Topics in Fish Nutrition Fish Nutritionist’s Perspective By David Brock Nutritionist Aquaculture Feeds Division Buhl, Idaho

2. Why are fish feed prices so volatile?

3. Leading aquaculture producing countries CountriesProduction, metric tons (2008) Percent of totalGrowth rate (%) 1990-2008 China32,736,00062.39.4 India3,479,0006.67.1 Vietnam2,462,0004.716.4 Indonesia1,690,0003.27.0 Thailand1,347,0002.69.0 Bangladesh1,006,0001.99.6 Norway844,0001.610.0 Chile843,0001.619.8 Philippines741,0001.43.8 Japan732,0001.4-0.5 United States~500,0000.952.6 Slide courtesy of University of Idaho, Dr. Ron Hardy

4. Leading aquaculture producing countries CountriesProduction, metric tons (2008) Percent of totalGrowth rate (%) 1990-2008 China32,736,00062.39.4 India3,479,0006.67.1 Vietnam2,462,0004.716.4 Indonesia1,690,0003.27.0 Thailand1,347,0002.69.0 Bangladesh1,006,0001.99.6 Norway844,0001.610.0 Chile843,0001.619.8 Philippines741,0001.43.8 Japan732,0001.4-0.5 United States~500,0000.952.6 >81% Slide courtesy of University of Idaho, Dr. Ron Hardy

5. Aquaculture production by country Slide courtesy of University of Idaho, Dr. Ron Hardy

6. Screen clipping taken: 3/17/2011, 9:38 AM Slide courtesy of University of Idaho, Dr. Ron Hardy

7. Global fish feed production Slide courtesy of University of Idaho, Dr. Ron Hardy

8. World landings of non-food fish used to make fishmeal and oil Slide courtesy of University of Idaho, Dr. Ron Hardy

10. Fish Meals

11. Soybean Meal Prices February-May 2012 Pricing Information from CME Group Month $/ton

12. Exciting Advances in Aquaculture Nutrition Traditional Soybean Breeding has yielded soy concentrate “on the farm”

13. Anti-nutrients in plant derived ingredients Soybean Meal; Glycinine, ug/kg Beta Con Glycinine, ug/kg Lectins, mg/kg Dry solids, g/kg Stachyose, g/kg Raffinose, g/kg Oligosaccharides, g/kg Trypsin Inhibitor Activity, mg/g Saponin, Type B Ba, g/kg Saponin, Type Bb’ (type I), g/kg Saponin, Type Bb (type I), g/kg Saponin, Type B Bc (type II, III), g/kg Saponin, Type B Bc’ (type II, III), g/kg Type B Saponins, g/kg Type DDMP Saponins, g/kg Total Type B and DDMP Saponins, g/kg Phytate Information courtesy of Dr. Rick Barrows, ARS USDA

14. Raw soybeans Toasting Hexane Extraction Soybean meal Soy oil Bio-diesel Esterfication Soy Protein Concentrate Soy Protein Isolate 46-48% protein ~80% protein ~60-70% protein Human cons. Soybean Meal Processing and its impacts on Rainbow Trout Digestion and Assimilation Information courtesy of Dr. Rick Barrows, ARS USDA

15. Improved Genetic Lines of Soybeans; Soybeans; Removed many of the negative traits of soybean meal All Non-GMO Traditional Breeding of Soybean Information courtesy of Dr. Rick Barrows, ARS USDA

16. First Feeding Fry Screening Fish meal A ULO 3010 A SPC B K419 C 204 D CC D WF D Grams per fish ABCABC Information courtesy of Dr. Rick Barrows, ARS USDA

17. Improved Genetic Lines; Full Fat Soybeans Apparent Digestibility Coefficients % ProteinProtein ADC, % Lysine ADC, % Dry matter ADC % Fish, Menhaden Special Select6889.895.677.6 Commodity soybeans4190.994.365.1 Low Trypsin cold 44 87.192.372.0 Low Trypsin, heated96.397.376.1 Ultra-low Trypsin, cold 43 93.69.373.0 Ultra-low Trypsin, heated100 82.8 UL Oligo, Very high pro. Cold 49 100 86.5 UL Oligo, Very high pro. heat99.399.881.2 Information courtesy of Dr. Rick Barrows, ARS USDA

18. % ProteinProtein ADC, % Lysine ADC, % Dry matter ADC % Fish, Menhaden Special Select6889.895.677.6 SG Commodity soybeans4190.994.365.1 Low Trypsin cold 44 87.192.372.0 Low Trypsin, heated96.397.376.1 Ultra-low Trypsin, cold 43 93.693.073.0 Ultra-low Trypsin, heated100 82.8 UL Oligo, Very high pro. Cold 49 100 86.5 UL Oligo, Very high pro. heat99.399.881.2 19.5%9% 27% Improved Genetic Lines; Full Fat Soybeans Apparent Digestibility Coefficients Information courtesy of Dr. Rick Barrows, ARS USDA

19. Exciting Advances in Aquaculture Nutrition Soybean Breeding has yielded soy concentrate “on the farm” Algae meals-Product of huge investment in biofuels

20. Exciting Advances in Aquaculture Nutrition Soybean Breeding has yielded soy concentrate “on the farm” Algae meals-Product of huge investment in biofuels Camelina -dry land crop that yields oil and meal

21. Certification Programs Currently, a proliferation of schemes and eco-labels

22. Certification Programs-Why? Bad press on culture practices, especially indiscriminate use of antibiotics, antifungal agents (malachite), etc. To assure wholesale buyers in United States that their product is quality, have had to adopt one of these programs Not aware of many U.S. producers adopting certification programs

23. Whole Foods Potential market for U.S. produced fish and shrimp Dietary guidelines prohibit the use terrestrial animal protein due to concerns about transmission of BSE prion Once vegetable protein max has been hit, the remaining protein comes from fish meal

24. Whole Foods Typical 40% protein trout diet contains ~20-25% fish meal Whole foods =>30% Actually moving away from sustainability although they do have a fish in:fish out ratio that they have as their goal…….

25. So What? Implications for LSRCP Hatcheries  Price Volatility-reduce dependence on fish meal and other volatile ingredients  Suggest working with hatcheries to evaluate diets incorporating soy replacements

26. So What? Implications for LSRCP Hatcheries II  Algae-additional work needs to be done to determine how to cost effectively use it  Camelina-work ongoing. If results are promising, expect field trials in 1- 2 years

27. THANKS FOR YOUR ATTENTION! Questions?  Rangen Inc. is a manufacturer of quality Aquaculture Feeds  Located in Buhl, Idaho  Started making fish feed in the early 1950’s  U.S. owned