1. MicroMet - adc Doppler Weather Radar An Exciting Partnership for Weather Radars

2. MicroMet-ADC Doppler Radars  We specialize in the designing & building of S & C-Band Doppler Weather Radars including the FULLY SOLID STATE C - Band Doppler Weather Radars.  MicroMet-ADC radars are designed to detect precipitation, make velocity measurements, and measure the variations of the refractive index in the atmosphere that may be generated by local variations of temperature or humidity.  They have the capability of determining the phase difference between the transmitted and received pulse. The difference is a measure of the mean Doppler velocity of the particles.  They can be used for: (a) Severe weather detection, tracking and warning; (b) Surveillance of synoptic and mesoscale weather systems; (c) Estimation of precipitation amounts. (a) Severe weather detection, tracking and warning; (b) Surveillance of synoptic and mesoscale weather systems; (c) Estimation of precipitation amounts. MicroMet-adc

3. MicroMet - adc FIRSTS  First fully coherent Doppler radar  First & only FULLY solid state Doppler radar  First PC based Doppler radar display  First GUI interface for a Doppler weather radar  First & only 32-bit High Resolution Doppler radar display  First real-time integration of Lightning and Doppler radar data  First fully integrated real-time storm tracking  First LINUX based Doppler radar display  Widest Range from Portable to 12ft Dish Antenna Radars MicroMet - adc

4. ADC has been in Radar business since 1982. MicroMet has been in Met business since 1980. Worldwide clients in diverse industries. >380 Radars in the field worldwide NATO/AFSOC U.S. Navy MET Departments Raytheon NASA (Highest Possible Supplier Rating) U.S. Air Force AN/FMQ-18(v) Offshore drill ships Power companies Lockheed FedEx Broadcast / Television MicroMet - adc

5. Market Prevalence  The majority of Doppler Weather Radars today are ADC systems.  More customers use ADC systems than all of our competitors COMBINED!  98% of our radars are still in operation. –INCLUDING the very first one!  We sold more C band weather radar systems worldwide from 2000 to 2004 than all other weather radar vendors combined. MicroMet - adc

6. MicroMet – ADC Types of Doppler Radars 1.S - Band Upgraded “NEXRAD” - The Ultimate In Doppler Weather Radars – Uses US Govt. Developed Radar Product Algorithms 2.C - Band Fully Solid State Radars – In Different Sizes – From Portable to 12 ft. Size Antenna Radars MicroMet-adc

7. MicroMet S- Band Doppler Radar  Up-Graded NEXRAD - Klystron Based System (No Magnetron Tubes)  Low Power – Full Range Radars – 650 KW Peak Power  The Largest Antenna Dish for Doppler Weather Radars – 8.56 m  Only Doppler Radar with US Government Developed Algorithms  Only Doppler Weather Radar for Tropospheric Wind Profiling  Cloud Inversions  Only Doppler Radar that will Detect Smoke, Fire, & Explosions   Only Doppler Radar that Detects Gust Front/Sea Breeze/Fronts, & Wind Shifts   Rainfall Accumulation 1 Hr, 3 Hr,   Storm Vortex - Highly accurate severe storm warnings with long lead time   User Selectable, Storm Totals Using Unique Algorithms   Flash Flood Forecasting   Precipitation Intensity   Precipitation (Onset, Duration, Ending)   Stage II and III Precipitation Processing   Automatic On-line Calibration Function: to make automatic online calibration in noise, noise/ temperature, velocity/pulse width, transmission power, antenna power, reflectivity, clutter suppression (each scan). Only Doppler Weather Radar that will Detect Birds, & Insects  1 deg Beam Width MicroMet-adc

8. S-Band Radar Products  Most Extensive Range of Radar Products  More Than 115 Different Products – Pls. See List Attached

9. S-Band System Configuration

10. Fully Solid State C-Band Radars  MicroMet ADC – The Only FULLY Solid State Low Power / Full Range C-Band Doppler Weather Radar

11. Solid State vs. Tubes  Magnetron Tube Radar –1940’s tube technology –Intermittent data –like an old scratchy record  MicroMet-adc Radar System –digital, 100% solid-state –clean, reliable data –like a cd MicroMet - adc

12. Maintenance Costs Solid State vs. Tubes  The MicroMet-ADC DopRad® radar system is solid state –We don’t use tubes at all.  MTBF: > 25,000 Hrs.  The competition? 1940’s TUBE “technology” –Many others use 3 tube systems –Long term ownership costs - including repair and hardware maintenance - could exceed $500,000 over ten years. –$18,333 for a ‘Rebuilt’ magnetron –$30,000 for a new Transmitter / Receiver tube –$30,000 to have a new spare on hand MicroMet - adc

13. Solid State Doppler Weather Radar WHY?  How do we do it? Larger penetrating pulse widths and incredibly sensitive receiver offsets power differences.  Better Technology: Fully coherent (transmitter and receiver)  Lower cost  More reliable  Reduced microwave dangers  Reduced interference issues  MOST OF ALL – MUCH MUCH LOWER POWER CONSUMPTION & RUNNING COST  If YOU had a tube based radar (3 different tubes), YOU would be spending $ 30K/year (to stay in spec) for tubes alone. Not to mention the huge difference in power consumption and cost.  No Back-Up Power Generator Required. MicroMet - adc

14. Repair Enhancements - Faster repair time - Faster repair time - Less expensive  Lower repair costs  Shorter rental time –Extending life of equipment –Enhancing performance with MicroMet-ADC mods (Such as RF mod and 16 level) (Such as RF mod and 16 level) Faster, Better, Cheaper MicroMet - adc

15. State of the Art Graphics MicroMet–ADC Image MicroMet - adc

16. Advanced Features  Storm Path Analyser  Dual / Triple Composite Radars  Severe Turbulence Alert System  Range Height Indicators (RHI)  Mean Radial Velocity (MRV)  Animation Loop Replay  Accumulated Precipitation  VAD/VVP (Velocity Azimuth Display / Velocity Volume Processing)  Real Time Hail Indicator  Dynamic Range - 80DBZ With 16 Levels - Benefit Increased Data  Gain Tracking  1 Deg Beam Width  <1 db Noise Figure  Integrated Live Lightening Display  Street Level Mapping MicroMet - adc

17. Advanced & Unique Features MicroMet - adc Storm Tracking Storm Tracking At Sea Street Level Mapping

18. Advanced & Unique Features MicroMet - adc LIGHTENING INGEST & DISPLAY RHI DISPLAY SEVERE WEATHER ALERT DUAL / TRIPLE DOPPLER COMPOSITE

19. Advanced & Unique Features MicroMet - adc MESOCYCLONE DISPLAY MICROBURST DISPLAY 3D IMAGES TACTICAL RADAR MARINE RADAR RADAR FOR OIL RIGS

20. MicroMet - adc

21. This is a diagnostic tool MicroMet - adc

22. Beam Filling Radar Range Equation MDS = -135dBm @ 20 micro seconds For false alarm rate <1 X 10 6 (Due to integration in range and Azimuth) Due to integration of beam shape 1/r 2 beam filling constraint Reflectivity factor losses pulse width beam width 3dB for monostatic “pencil beam” single antenna transmit power = (transmission, atmospheric attenuation, etc.) (NOTE LINEAR TERM!) NOTE (because the target cross section had a r r term in beam filling changing the relationship to 1/r 2 ) ( goes as K/ ) MicroMet - adc

23. Power and Attenuation Power is only one term in the radar range equation and has no more weight than pulse width or receiver sensitivity. Therefore, a radar with 1000 times more power will produce the same range as a radar that has 100 times more sensitive receiver and 10 times bigger pulse width (all else being equal). A MicroMet-adc radar is low power 200W (intentionally and at great design costs), but has up to 100 times more sensitive receiver (approximately 20dB) and up to 10 times larger penetrating pulse width (than some magnetron based systems) - approximately 10dB, thus, 10 X 100=1000=30dB. MicroMet - adc

24. Attenuation depends on temperature and wavelength, not power. It is also a function of rainfall rate and length of path. Punching power attenuation arguments for using low efficiency (microwave radiation hazard and RF interference generating) 250KW magnetrons are very misleading. C-Band attenuation for most scenarios is being overstated. One way attenuation for 5.5 cm (5.4GHz) at 0°C =(.1349 dB/sm)/(inch/hr)**, thus, 100miles of 20dBZ rain (.026 inches/hr) will produce a two way attenuation of just.7dB and 10 miles of 40dBZ returns (1.02 inches/hr) results in a two way loss of just 2.75dB. (For a 10cm NEXRAD the attenuation is (.0376dB/sm)/(inch/hr) which results in.2dB and.76dB respectively. Therefore, the requirement for 1000 times (30dBZ) more punching power in terms of attenuation compensation is ludicrous. In addition, MicroMet-ADC systems have PAC Path Attenuation Compensation that helps reduce some of the effect of attenuation through intervening rain. The higher the frequency (shorter wavelength) the more attenuation, so if other vendors operate at frequencies higher than 5440 MHz (and they do) they have greater attenuation through intervening rain than the MicroMet-ADC system. **Derived from Reinhardt, Radar for Meteorologists 1997, pg. 160 Using Mueller-Jones 5.5 cm, 0°C. MicroMet - adc

25. Path Attenuation Compensation (PAC) Path attenuation compensation (PAC) circuits adjust the decoded signal return to compensate for the attenuation of the return signal by areas of intervening precipitation. This process improves the calibration resulting from intervening cells. These circuits monitor the reflectivity level of the returned signal and, as a target is encountered the intensity and depth of the cell is measured. Then the threshold reflectivity level (used to decode the return signal) is altered to compensate the next return. Naturally, there are limits to the amount of compensation to prevent a blurring of the distinction between reflectivity levels. The electronic limits of the circuit prevent compensation of the return signal beyond the minimum discernible signal level established by receiver sensitivity. “Bright Band” MicroMet - adc

26. Salient Features of Our Signal Processing - Special Matched filters where large pulse width produce MDS of -135dB - DVIP Digital Video Integration Processing (“integration in azimuth”) Reduces variance of reflectivity returns Improves signal to noise - Pulse compression and/or “integration in range” : N improvement or better (for 50% fill fa = 20 X 10 -6 ) N to N σ =σ = 5.7dB N Up to 16 reflectivity levels 16 Mean Velocity levels - Qualifiers: “random isolated sample” improves “system MDS” Range normalization and PAC (Path Attenuation Compensation) 1 R2R2 - Pulse pair processing for turbulence and mean radial velocity - Clutter filtering (two stage filters) (depends on correlation) - MicroMet - adc

28. MicroMet - adc Doppler Weather Radar An Exciting Partnership for Weather Radars