1. Renewable Energy (Wave Energy) West Coast Vancouver Island CK Kim, Gregg Verutes, Doug Denu

2. Making the Case There is harvestable energy in the world’s oceans. INTRO METHODS INPUTS APPLICATION HANDS-ON RESULTS FUTURE Power Density (kW/m, kW/m 2 ) High power density Continuous and predictable power Wave Power (kW/m)

3. Some WEC Devices INTRO METHODS INPUTS APPLICATION HANDS-ON RESULTS FUTURE AttenuatorPoint Absorber Oscillating Wave Surge Converter Oscillating Water Column Overtopping DeviceSubmerged Pressure Differential

4. WEC Device Maturity INTRO METHODS INPUTS APPLICATION HANDS-ON RESULTS FUTURE (EPRI, 2005) WEC Device Maturity Rate Length (m) Width (m) Avg. Power (kW) WEC Type Pelamis11204.6153Attenuator OWC - Terminator22535259OWC Wave Dragon21502601369Overtopping Wave Swing29.5 351Point Abs AquaBuOY36617Point Abs WaveBob315 131Point Abs Offshore OWC332 532OWC Wave Dog35.4 16Point Abs

5. About the Model INTRO METHODS INPUTS APPLICATION HANDS-ON RESULTS FUTURE orbital velocity sin wave velocity ~ height

6. About the Model INTRO METHODS INPUTS APPLICATION HANDS-ON RESULTS FUTURE sin wave motion ~ energy

7. Renewable Energy: Waves Supply Potential available Service Delivered to people Value Economic & social impacts Captured Wave Energy Renewable electricity to grid + avoided emissions Wave Power INTRO METHODS INPUTS APPLICATION HANDS-ON RESULTS FUTURE

8. Wave Energy Model (WEM) To map and value wave energy resources To examine potential trade-offs To help decision-makers understand where best to install a WEC facility INTRO METHODS INPUTS APPLICATION HANDS-ON RESULTS FUTURE

9. WEM Inputs INTRO METHODS INPUTS APPLICATION HANDS-ON RESULTS FUTURE Inputs Sea state wave height, period Device operation performance, limitations Outputs Energy produced Value of energy Economic values Cost of device, electricity, maintenance, accessibility of grid

10. Performance and Parameters INTRO METHODS INPUTS APPLICATION HANDS-ON RESULTS FUTURE xxxx

11. Machine Performance INTRO METHODS INPUTS APPLICATION HANDS-ON RESULTS FUTURE Wave Height (m) Wave Period (s) Wave Height (m) Wave Period (s) Pelamis OWC

12. Wave Watch III (WW3) INTRO METHODS INPUTS APPLICATION HANDS-ON RESULTS FUTURE National Weather Service, NOAA Model ID Grid Size [min.] Extent/RegionYear GLO30m 30 x 30 (54 x 54km) Global Ocean2005-2010 WC4m 4x4 (7 x 7km) US west coast and Hawaiian islands 2005-2010 EC4m 4x4 (7 x 7km) US east coast and Puerto Rico 2005-2010

13. Economic Valuation INTRO METHODS INPUTS APPLICATION HANDS-ON RESULTS FUTURE NPV = Net Present Value ($) T = 25-year period B t = Benefits C t = C & M Costs i = Discount rate, 5%

14. Economic Valuation INTRO METHODS INPUTS APPLICATION HANDS-ON RESULTS FUTURE Sea State Conditions NPV = Benefits Costs Benefits minus Costs Machine Type Wave Power (Potential) Performance Limitations Captured Wave Energy x Price of Electricity Setup Maintenance Cable Costs Distance to Landing Pts. Distance to Grid Connection Pts.

15. : Power Grid Connection Pts. : Cable Landing Pts. : Wave Watch III Grid Pts. Economic Valuation INTRO METHODS INPUTS APPLICATION HANDS-ON RESULTS FUTURE 39.5 km 38.0 km 9.1 km

16. Limitations and Simplifications 1.Captured wave energy indicates the yearly averaged energy absorbed per WEC device. 2.With no commercial-scale wave energy facilities implemented to date, obtaining accurate cost data is a challenge. 3.The distance measure from a WEC facility to an underwater cable landing point is based on Euclidean metric and does not recognize any landmass within two target points. 4.The quality of wave input data determines the accuracy of model results. – Default wave input data are more appropriate for global and regional scale applications INTRO METHODS INPUTS APPLICATION HANDS-ON RESULTS FUTURE

17. Tradeoff Analysis INTRO METHODS INPUTS APPLICATION HANDS-ON RESULTS FUTURE NPV ($ mil) Commercial Fishery - Salmon troll & net - Crab and Shrimp Recreational Fishery -Salmon -Ground fish : Power Grid Connection Pt. : Cable Landing Pt. Kim et al. (PLOS One 2012)

18. Running the Sample Data INTRO METHODS INPUTS APPLICATION HANDS-ON RESULTS FUTURE InVEST 3.0 Launch through ‘Start’ menu Independent of ArcGIS Faster More user-friendly

20. INTRO METHODS INPUTS APPLICATION HANDS-ON RESULTS FUTURE Study Site

21. Validation British Columbia Marine Conservation Atlas INTRO METHODS INPUTS APPLICATION HANDS-ON RESULTS FUTURE

22. Economic Inputs INTRO METHODS INPUTS APPLICATION HANDS-ON RESULTS FUTURE

23. Overlap Analysis Areas of positive NPV INTRO METHODS INPUTS APPLICATION HANDS-ON RESULTS FUTURE

24. Fishing Activities Importance Scores INTRO METHODS INPUTS APPLICATION HANDS-ON RESULTS FUTURE

25. Net Value of Commercial Fishing Cool Colored Areas = Less Value INTRO METHODS INPUTS APPLICATION HANDS-ON RESULTS FUTURE Kim et al. (PLOS One 2012)

26. Compatibility Analysis ~1 = most compatible xxx INTRO METHODS INPUTS APPLICATION HANDS-ON RESULTS FUTURE Kim et al. (PLOS One 2012)