1. 18-1  International Capital Budgeting (Eun and Resnick chapter 18)

2. 18-2  Identify the size and timing of all relevant cash flows on a time line.  Identify the riskiness of the cash flows to determine the appropriate discount rate.  Find NPV by discounting the cash flows at the appropriate discount rate.  Compare the value of competing cash flow streams at the same point in time. Review of Domestic Capital Budgeting

3. 18-3 Review of Domestic Capital Budgeting The basic net present value equation is Where: CF t = expected incremental after-tax cash flow in year t TV T = expected after-tax terminal value including return of net working capital C 0 = initial investment at inception K = weighted average cost of capital T = economic life of the project in years The NPV rule is to accept a project if NPV  0

4. 18-4 Review of Domestic Capital Budgeting For our purposes it is necessary to expand the NPV equation. R t is incremental revenue OC t is incremental operating cash flow D t is incremental depreciation I t is incremental interest expense  is the marginal tax rate CF t = (R t – OC t – D t – I t )(1 –  ) + D t + I t (1 –  )

5. 18-5 Review of Domestic Capital Budgeting We can use CF t = (OCF t )(1 –  ) +  D t to restate the NPV equation, as: NPV =  t = 1 T CF t (1 + K) t – C 0 TV T (1 + K) T +NPV =  t = 1 T (OCF t )(1 –  ) +  D t (1 + K) t – C 0 TV T (1 + K) T +

6. 18-6 The Adjusted Present Value Model can be converted to adjusted present value (APV) by appealing to Modigliani and Miller’s results. NPV =  t = 1 T (OCF t )(1 –  ) (1 + K) t C0C0 TV T (1 + K) T +  D t (1 + K) t +–  t = 1 T APV =  t = 1 T (OCF t )(1 –  ) (1 + K u ) t C0C0 TV T (1 + K u ) T +  D t (1 + i) t +–  I t (1 + i) t +

7. 18-7 The Adjusted Present Value Model  The APV model is a value additivity approach to capital budgeting. Each cash flow that is a source of value to the firm is considered individually.  Note that with the APV model, each cash flow is discounted at a rate that is appropriate to the riskiness of the cash flow. APV =  t = 1 T (OCF t )(1 –  ) (1 + K u ) t C0C0 TV T (1 + K u ) T +  D t (1 + i) t +–  I t (1 + i) t +

8. 18-8 International Capital Budgeting from the Parent Firm’s Perspective  The APV model is useful for a domestic firm analyzing a domestic capital expenditure or for a foreign subsidiary of an MNC analyzing a proposed capital expenditure from the subsidiary’s viewpoint.  The APV model is NOT useful for an MNC in analyzing foreign capital expenditure from the parent firm’s perspective. APV =  t = 1 T (OCF t )(1 –  ) (1 + K u ) t C0C0 TV T (1 + K u ) T +  D t (1 + i) t +–  I t (1 + i) t +

9. 18-9 International Capital Budgeting from the Parent Firm’s Perspective  Donald Lessard developed an APV model for MNCs analyzing a foreign capital expenditure. The model recognizes many of the particulars peculiar to foreign direct investment.

10. 18-10 Denotes the present value (in the parent’s currency) of any concessionary loans, CL 0, and loan payments, LP t, discounted at i d. S 0 RF 0 represents the value of accumulated restricted funds (in the amount of RF 0 ) that are freed up by the project. The marginal corporate tax rate, , is the larger of the parent’s or foreign subsidiary’s. OCF t represents only the portion of operating cash flows available for remittance that can be legally remitted to the parent firm. The operating cash flows must be discounted at the unlevered domestic rate The operating cash flows must be translated back into the parent firm’s currency at the spot rate expected to prevail in each period. APV Model of Capital Budgeting from the Parent Firm’s Perspective APV =  t = 1 T (1 + K ud ) t TV T (1 + K ud ) T +  D t (1 + i d ) t + – S t OCF t (1 –  ) S 0 C 0 + S 0 RF 0 + S 0 CL 0 -  t = 1 T StSt  I t (1 + i d ) t  StSt + t = 1 T StSt LP t (1 + i d ) t  StSt t = 1 T

11. 18-11  One recipe for international decision makers: –Estimate future cash flows in foreign currency. –Convert to the home currency at the predicted exchange rate. Use PPP, IRP, et cetera for the predictions. –Calculate NPV using the home currency cost of capital. Capital Budgeting from the Parent Firm’s Perspective

12. 18-12 Dorchester case  Read the case carefully from the text  Develop and present all the calculations in Excel  The goal is to calculate the APV (formula 18.7 in the text)  Follow the methodology described for Centralia in the text  First exhibit summarizes the assumptions and the simple calculations  Prepare the same exhibits