2. US History Weber 217

3. Activator 1. What kinds of things do you associate with anti-immigration (also known as nativism)? 2. The Immigration and Naturalization Services (INS) has been changed to the Immigration and Customs Enforcement (ICE), making it sound much more “bad ass” and taking out the part about becoming a citizen (naturalization) and changing service into enforcement. What is your reaction?

4. Agenda Activator, agenda, and objective (10 minutes) Benchmark Test Corrections Republican Politics, anti-immigration, and the Palmer raids notes (30 minutes) Comprehension Check (15 minutes) Exit Ticket (5 minutes)

6. Objective All students will… Make connections between issues of race and racism in the U.S. in the 1920s and today. 11.5.2 Students analyze the attacks on Civil Liberties 1900-1920 and how people responded.

7. Benchmark Data Looking at your individual score report identify your 3 best and your 3 worst standards. – 1. Recopy your strongest and weakest standards. – 2. Why do you think you did well on the standards you did? Be specific… – 3. Why do you think you did not do so well and the ones you did not do well on? Be specific… – 4. What specific things can you do to relearn what you did not understand from your weak standards? – 5. What do you think are the specific reasons for you achieving the score you did?

8. Benchmark Test Corrections Find an actual benchmark test. Looking through it identify the questions you think you got wrong and the questions you think you got right (make sure it lines up with the total number you got right/wrong) Copy the question into your notebook. Pair with someone to discuss questions you are uncertain of and use your notes to find the correct answers. Write the correct answers for at least as many questions as you got wrong in your notebook.

9. Objective All students will… 11.5.2 Analyze the events, interests, and philosophies behind the attacks on civil liberties, such as the Palmer Raids and immigration quotas.

10. KKK Manual “Klansmen are to be examples of pure patriotism. They are to organize the patriotic sentiment of native-born white, protestant americans for the defense of distinctively american institutions. Klansmen are dedicated to the principle that america shall be made american through the circulation of american doctrines, the dissemination of american ideals, the creation of wholesome american sentiment, and preservation of american institutions”.

11. Republican Power President Warren G. Harding Elected 1920 Legacy of Scandals “Teapot Dome” scandal (oil) Died in office

12. President Coolidge “The business of America is business.” Laissez-Faire Smoot-Hawley Tariff (charging imports, reduced trade, bad for economy) No help for farmers

13. People on the Move: The Great Migration within U.S.

14. International Immigration Sharp post-war rise in immigration (after 1914). Continued to be predominantly European. Increasingly from Southern, Central and Eastern Europe. From countries where WWI had started. Nativists in U.S. were scared that immigrants from politically unstable countries would bring radical political ideas to the U.S. RED SCARE

15. Laws Restricting Immigration Had already passed Chinese Exclusion Act restricting immigration from China. 1917 Espionage Act; 1918 Sedition Act 1919 J. Edgar Hoover put in charge of Justice Department Bureau of Investigation. 1921 at Harding’s request Congress passed an IMMIGRATION QUOTA (a specific number each country was allowed). 1924 National Origins Act reduced quota to 2% of the population of that ethnic or national origin already living in U.S. (based on 1890 census data).

16. Palmer Raids 1919-1921 Raids on people in U.S. suspected of being “Radical Leftists.” Carried out by Alexander Mitchell Palmer, Attorney General for U.S. Justice and Immigration Departments in the interest of “national security.” Used list of about 150,000 names. Palmer was accused of torture, wiretapping, and other abuses of people’s civil liberties. 1920 American Civil Liberties Union (ACLU) published Report of the Illegal Practices of the United States Department of Justice.

17. Sacco-Vanazetti Trial -Two Italian immigrants Sacco and Vanazetti tried and executed for the supposed armed robbery of two pay clerks. - Suspected radicals (anarchists). - Unfair trial attracted international attention. - People said that the judge allowed anti- Italian, anti-immigrant, and anti-anarchist sentiment to ifluence the jury.

18. Comprehension Check Write at least one page explaining “nativism” in the U.S. during the 1920s. Use the quote from the Klansmen Manual as well as your notes. 11.5.2 Analyze the events, interests, and philosophies that led to attacks on civil liberties, including… – Actions of the KKK – Immigration quotas – Palmer Raids

19. The Roaring 20’s

20. an agri. depression in early 1920's contributed to this urban migration U.S. farmers lost agri. markets in postwar Europe at same time agri. efficiency increased so more food produced (more food = lower prices) and fewer labourers needed so farming was no longer as prosperous, and bankers called in their loans (farms repossessed) so American farmers enter the Depression in advance of the rest of society

21. Black Americans in this period continued to live in poverty sharecropping kept them in de facto slavery 1915 - boll weevil wiped out the cotton crop white landowners went bankrupt & forced blacks off their land

22. Consumer Economy

23. for immigrants – the point of origin had shifted to S & E Europe and new religions appeared: Jewish, Orthodox, Catholic N. European immigrants of early 19c. feared this shift and felt it would undermine Protestant values this fear was known as NATIVISM many wanted Congress to restrict immigration, leading to a quota system that favoured n. areas of Europe fear of immigrants (from SE Europe) led to a sentiment known as the Red Scare (fear of comm. post-Bolshevik Rev.) basic comm. advocates a int'l revolution by the proletariat/workers - fears that this ideology could find its way into the U.S.

24. at this time, W. Wilson was gravely ill following a stroke his Attorney General, A. Mitchell Palmer, wanted to take a shot at the presidency - he used fears of both immigrants and communism to his advantage he had J. Edgar Hoover round up suspected radicals, many of which were deported (Palmer Raids)

25. Scopes “Monkey” Trial Evolution vs. Creationism Dayton, Tennessee Famous Lawyers Science vs. Religion John Scopes High School Biology teacher

26. Prohibition 18 th Amendment Volstead Act Gangsters Al Capone

27. PROHIBITION - on manuf. and sale of alcohol adopted in 1919 - 18th AMENDMENT an outgrowth of the longtime temperance movement in WWI, temperance became a patriotic mvmt. - drunkenness caused low productivity & inefficiency, and alcohol needed to treat the wounded a difficult law to enforce... organized crime, speakeasies, bootleggers were on the rise Al Capone virtually controlled Chicago in this period - capitalism at its zenith… Prohibition finally ended in 1933 w/ the 21st Amendment forced organized crime to pursue other interests…

28. Marcus Garvey (Jamaican born immigrant) established the Universal Negro Improvement Association believed in Black pride advocated racial segregation b/c of Black superiority Garvey believed Blacks should return to Africa he purchased a ship to start the Black Star line attracted many investments: gov't charged him with w/fraud he was found guilty and eventually deported to Jamaica, but his organization continued to exist

29. Exit ticket and homework Exit ticket: What was the most important thing you remember reading about the 1920s. Homework: Research one of the following organizations and bring in written evidence of your findings. – Marcus Garvey Back to Africa Movement – ACLU – NAACP