1. What they faced.

7. “Closing in on Berlin” A.“Operation Dragoon” The race to Berlin to squeeze the Germans. B.Battle of the Bulge Hitler’s last effort to defend Germany. C. V-E Day Germany signs surrender papers!!! clip

11. Atomic Weapons A Timeline: -1938 - Austrian scientists discover how to split a uranium atom creating a sudden burst of energy. -1939 - Albert Einstein writes a letter to FDR explaining the destructive potential of this discovery, and encouraging the U.S. to develop a weapon before the Germans did. -1941 – The U.S. creates “The Manhatten Project.” Many of the scientists involved were refugees of Germany and other parts of Europe. -1945 – (July 15) The first successful test of an Atomic bomb in a deserted area of New Mexico. (The strength of thousands of tons of TNT.) Truman is informed at Potsdam Conference. -1945 – (April) FDR dies from a stroke in Warm Springs, Georgia. Harry Truman becomes President and is informed of the “Project” scientists are working on. - 1945 - (FEB.) YALTA CONFERENCE – Stalin “promises” free elections will be held in Eastern Europe, including Poland. Controversial. Agrees to join in war with Japan.

12. Slide 3 Death march

13. “Now I am become death, destroyer of worlds.” The effects of the first Atomic Weapons: Temperature at GROUND ZERO = Billions of degrees centigrade Strength of Explosion = Thousands of tons of TNT Height of Mushroom cloud = 7.5 miles high Atomic bombs create enormous amounts of energy in the form of intense heat and shockwaves. This produces pressure waves, flash burns, high winds, and deadly radiation. Effects of the fallout spread out over dozens of miles in diameter. -J. Robert Oppenheimer, American scientist, after the first successful test of an atomic bomb in the desert of New Mexico.J. Robert Oppenheimer Philadelphia

15. The First Target: Hiroshima (August 5 th, 1945.)

17. Second Target: Nagasaki (August 9 th, 1945)

18. Japan Surrenders August 14 th, 1945 - V-J Day

20. Harry Truman’s decision: What should Truman do with this new and deadly technology? Clip

21. What would you have done? With your partner: 1.Read and Evaluate the argument you were given. 2. Sum up the argument, with one power statement, that best captures the main point of this justification. 3. Provide an explanation at what you think the main weakness of this argument might be. (What might the opposition say to undermine this?)

22. With your group: 1.Pick someone to lead the discussion and sharing. 2.One at a time, provide an explanation of each of the six arguments this side used to justify their position. 3.Break these six arguments into two groups, in terms of the power they might have in a debate: BEST THREE / WEAKEST THREE 4.Rate each of the 3 arguments in both sets. (The #1 argument from the “Best Three” group becomes your best argument overall. The #6 argument overall will be the third one from your “Weakest Three” group. 5.Write the Rating numbers 1 – 2 – 3 – 4 – 5 – 6 on the back of each sheet of paper.