1. Irish Immigration
Summary Note

2. The Effects of Immigration
Aim:
* Immigration from other countries had both a positive and negative impact on Scottish Society.

3. Your glossary should now contain the following keywords:
P9 census
P11 exodus, crofts, evicted, kelp
P12 clergyman
P13 flit, constitution, descendants
P14 evictees
P15 absentee landlords
P16 hovels, melancholy

4. Irish Immigration Aims:
Identify the reasons why many Irish people emigrated to Scotland.
Identify the impact that Irish immigration had

5. The Potato Famine
Between a potato blight destroyed nearly half of the potato crop.
Potatoes were a staple part of many families diet.
Around 1 million people died of starvation and disease.
Between the population of Ireland fell from 8 – 3 million due to the famine and emigration.

6. Irish Immigration
Many emigrated to Scotland – this caused the population to grow particularly cities like Glasgow, Edinburgh and Dundee.
In the town of Coatbridge over 50% of the population were Irish immigrants.
Irish immigration had a huge impact on Scotland – both positive and negative.

7. An estimated 20% of British people can trace their family tree back to Ireland.

8. Employment Employment
Some worked in the textile trade e.g. Paisley, Lanark
Others worked in unskilled jobs building railways, canals and roads.
Employment
Employment
Others worked in agriculture during the busy harvest period
Many were prepared to work for lower wages than Scots

9. Tension Between the Irish and Scots
Most early immigrants in the 1840s were Roman Catholics. By the 1870s Irish Protestants from Ulster in the north began to arrive in Scotland.
There was tension between both groups and native Protestant Scots e.g. Orange order marches.
These religious divisions have become known as Sectarianism.

10. Tension Between the Irish and Scots
Many Irish communities grew up in poor areas. Overcrowding grew in cities.
Irish football teams sprang up e.g. Glasgow Celtic (1888) and Edinburgh Hibernian (1875). Religious divisions were soon reflected in football between teams like Celtic and Rangers.
Catholic schools were set up for Irish children.

11. The Effects of Immigration
The Italians
Around 4,000 came between to escape poverty.
Many established their own cafes, chips shops bringing new foods to Scotland.
Criticised for breaking the Sabbath and opening cafes on a Sunday.

12. The Effects of Immigration
Eastern Europe
Over 20,000 immigrants came from Russia and Baltic states like Lithuania.
Lithuanians left high taxes and poverty to work in the coal mines in Lanarkshire.
Others left Russia because of persecution – Russian Jews were persecuted because of their religion. Others were spied on by the secret police because they spoke out against the government.

13. Using a blank map of Europe shade in the countries of Ireland, Italy and the Russian Empire.