1. Sepoy Rebellion Honors World History

2. Location of East India Company (EIC) Start of 18 th Cen. EIC’s presence was one of trade By the end of 18 th C it was militarily dominant

3. Two Phases of EIC To 1850 Expanded from coasts to take over center of India War in land Gain control of rich areas- Bengal 1850-1870 Consolidate control over Bengal and other areas Extend control over Ganges to Delhi Subdue other Indian States –Conquer –Forcing their rulers to become allies with EIC

4. Why was the EIC interested in India? Trade built on Indian economy India offered foreign traders skills of its artisans –Weaving cloth, silk –Agricultural products Sugar, opium, indigo dye –Services of rich merchants and bankers –Mughal Empire was eroding

5. Weavers in India

6. Mughal Empire Declines When Empire declined, states chose their own rulers This created conflict between states Some states looked to EIC for help European nations “helped” by placing their clients on the throne

7. Internal Conflicts and Militarization Ongoing battles between national and foreign powers led to the EIC making their OWN army *Sepoys EIC continued to trade but also created these huge armies some British regiments in with sepoys

8. Sepoy’s Jobs Armies were to: –Defend companies territories –Coerce Indian states to join EIC area –Crush internal resistance against EIC Collect Taxes –Indian Collectors

9. Military Expansion of EIC As the EIC expanded – –Control more land –Take more taxes –Took more control of local Indian government –Need for more soldiers Need answered by –Importing British Soldiers –Increasing Sepoy’s

10. Sepoy Mutiny in the making Relations with Sepoys as troops weakened –British required Sepoys to act more “british” Introduction of the pork/beef cartridge Reasons for Mutiny –Christian Evangelism –Change in Sepoy Status –General Service Enlistment Act –Enfield Rifle

12. British Reaction “We shall never again occupy a high ground in India until we have put a yoke upon the Brahmins. We have conceded too much to the insolence of caste. Not one high caste man should henceforward be entrusted with a sword.... He has been trusted with power, and how has he betrayed it? The graves of 100 English women and children—worse, the unburied bones of those poor victims—are the monuments of high bred sepoy chivalry.” -- Delhi Gazette

13. British Retribution

14. John Lawrence wrote to the British high command in August 1857: “We have killed and drowned 500 out of the 600 men of the [26th] regiment.” Colonel James Neill and the “Bloody Assizes” beginning in Allahabad on June 11, 1857. “Every native that appeared in sight was shot down without question, and in the morning Colonel Neill sent out parties of regiment [?]...and burned all the villages near where the ruins of our bungalows stood, and hung every native that they could catch, on the trees that lined the road. Another party of soldiers penetrated into the native city and set fire to it, whilst volley after volley of grape and canister was poured into the fugitives as they fled from their burning houses

15. Stories from the British June 29 1857: Neill orders "the village of Mullagu and neighborhood to be attacked and destroyed — slaughter all the men — take no prisoners…. All insurgents that fall into good hands hang at once—and shoot all you can.” A British Soldier in Delhi: “All the people found within the walls when our troops entered were bayoneted on the spot…. These were not mutineers but residents of the city, who trusted to our well-known mild rule for pardon. I am glad to say they were disappointed.” The judge in charge of trials at Bareilly had lost his wife during the conflict; he told McCausland: “If ever I get the chance of [judging] these Black rebels I will hang a man for every hair that was in my wife’s head.” He had executed “close on 700 well I said if you just continue you will have made good your work and turning to Sergt Aden I said you mind what Sir Colin [Campbell] said to us at Cawnpore that every man that had a black face was our enemy and we could not do wrong in shooting him so you know how to act here.” – David McAusland of the 42nd Highland Regiment (diary)

16. Reactions Direct Control by the British Now India is a Jewel in Britain’s Crown

17. India to BritainBritain to India

18. Focus on India become more British and “less” India Religiously –Forced conversions –education Cultural Practices –Sutee –Thuggee “Apartheid”

19. Apartheid in India “In India every European, be he German, or Pole or Rumanian, is automatically a member of the ruling race. Railway carriages, station retiring rooms, benches in parks, etc. are marked 'For Europeans Only.‘ This is bad enough in South Africa or elsewhere, but to have to put up with it in one's own country is a humiliating and exasperating reminder of one's enslaved condition.” -- Jawaharlal Nehru, Indian nationalist and first Prime Minister

20. Famine in India Post-Railroad Famines in 19th-Century India 1865-66: Bengal, Bihar, Orissa. – Orissa worst hit; 1 million died in the three districts. 1876-8: Maharashtra and South India (7 million) 1896: Maharashtra and South India 1899-1900: Gujarat and Rajasthan 1877: Massive Famine in Madras Immediate cause was a drought which lasted two years But exacerbated by British control over food prices And British use of food as way to control economy

21. Before British rule (1000–1745) [30][31][32] [30][31][32] British era (1770–1947) [30][31][32] [30][31][32] Centur y Famine s Location 11th2local 13th1Around Delhi 14th3local 15th2local 16th3All local 17th3Area not defined 18th (1745) 4 Northwestern provinces Delhi, Sindh (twice), local Total18- YearsFamineDeaths 1770– 1800 421 1800– 1825 51 1825– 1850 20.5 1850– 1875 65 1875– 1900 1826 1900– 1925 10.23 [36] [36] 1925– 1947 15 [36] [36] Total4058.73 Major famines in India (Death estimates in millions, where available)

23. Famine

24. What are the Social Sciences that are seen through the British Imperialism and the Sepoy Rebellion Geographic Political Economic Cultural Sociological Psychological