1. The Cold War Key Events and Policies

2. Key U.S. Policies ► Containment ► Collective Security ► Deterrence (MAD) ► Foreign Aid ► Defense build up, race to maintain technological superiority ► Summitry

3. The Cold War [1945-1991]: An Ideological Struggle Soviet & Eastern Bloc Nations [“Iron Curtain”] US & the Western Democracies GOAL  spread world- wide Communism GOAL  “Containment” of Communism & the eventual collapse of the Communist world. [George Kennan] METHODOLOGIES: 1.Espionage [KGB vs. CIA] 2.Arms Race [nuclear escalation] 3.Ideological Competition for the minds and hearts of Third World peoples [Communist govt. & command economy vs. democratic govt. & capitalist economy]  “proxy wars” 4.Bi-Polarization of Europe [NATO vs. Warsaw Pact]

4. Yalta 1945 ► Considered the beginning of the Cold War ► Allowed for Soviet control of countries (including East Germany) that it liberated from Nazi control (i.e. Eastern Europe) ► Stalin promises “free elections”

5. The Division of Berlin

6. Churchill’s Iron Curtain Speech 1946 ► Referring to Soviet domination of eastern Europe and the installation of Communist governments with varying degrees of Soviet pressure. ► 1946 Poland, 1947 Hungary, Rumania, 1948 Czechoslovakia, etc.

7. The Bipolarization of Europe

8. The Truman Doctrine March 1947 ► The United States pledges to support “free peoples who are resisting attempted subjugation by armed minorities or outside pressures”. ► Immediate application: Greece and Turkey

9. National Defense Budget [1940-1964]

10. 1947-1948 ► 1947 The Marshall Plan ► 1947 The policy of containment is articulated by George F. Kennan ► 1948 Berlin Blockade and the Berlin Airlift (321 days)

11. 1949 ► NATO established ► West Germany formed ► Soviets explode A-bomb ► Chinese communists win civil war, Nationalist government flees to Taiwan

12. 1950 ► The U.S. begins aid to the French in Vietnam ► Sino-Soviet Pact ► The Korean War (1950-1953)

13. Korean War [1950-1953]

14. Syngman Rhee Kim Il-Sung “Domino Theory”

15. The Shifting Map of Korea [1950-1953]

16. 1955-1957 ► 1954 French lose Vietnam ► 1955 Warsaw Pact ► 1956 Hungarian Revolt crushed by Soviets ► 1956 Suez Crisis ► 1956 Khruschev’s “we will bury you” speech ► 1957 Eisenhower Doctrine (Middle East) ► 1957 Soviets launch Sputnik 1 and 2 ► 1957 U.S. and Soviets test ICBM’s

17. 1959-1972 ► 1959 Cuban Revolution ► 1959 U2 spy plane shot down over U.S.S.R. ► 1961 Bay of Pigs invasion ► 1962 Cuban Missile Crisis ► 1968 Prague Spring ► 1972 Nixon visits China: détente, SALT I