1. 12-17-07 Obj.- To describe Harding’s efforts to return the U.S. to normalcy after the progressives. Focus: Outline activity on sec. 2

2. Normalcy and Isolationism Chapter 20 Section 2

3. Working for Peace President Harding vows to return the United States to “simpler days” before the Progressive era reforms.

4. Washington Naval Conference Major powers agreed to a 10 – year holiday on building warships 5 naval powers agreed to scrap a portion of their existing battleships, cruisers and aircraft carriers Signed the Kellogg – Briand Pact

5. Kellogg – Briand Pact Renounced war as an instrument of national policy Downfalls Couldn’t be enforced No provision for use of military force against a nation that violated the agreement

6. High Tariffs and Reparations Although the United States wanted an isolationist foreign policy, they were not going to back down on war debts

7. France owed the United States $10 billion and were having trouble paying it back France owed the United States $10 billion and were having trouble paying it back Two solutions Two solutions 1. Export more goods to the U. S. 2.Collect owed reparations

8. Fordney – McCumber Tariff Purposes: Raise tax on imports Protect American businesses from foreign competition

9. Fordney – McCumber Tariff Problems: Britain and France were unable to sell their goods to the U.S. Could not raise enough money to pay their debts

10. Fordney - McCumber Tariff Solution France demanded that Germany pay their war debts France demanded that Germany pay their war debts The US became involved and created the Dawes Plan The US became involved and created the Dawes Plan Germany would borrow $2.5 billion from the U.S. to pay reparations Germany would borrow $2.5 billion from the U.S. to pay reparations Britain and France would then pay the U. S. Britain and France would then pay the U. S.

11. Fordney – McCumber Tariff Great Britain and France were repaying the United States with money they borrowed from... the United States Great Britain and France were repaying the United States with money they borrowed from... the United States Solution caused bad feelings all around Solution caused bad feelings all around The United States didn’t have to pay ANY reparations The United States didn’t have to pay ANY reparations

12. Limiting Immigration Anti – immigrant feelings had been growing since the 1880s Anti – immigrant feelings had been growing since the 1880s The need for unskilled laborers decreased after World War I. The need for unskilled laborers decreased after World War I. Many American felt immigration should be limited as well Many American felt immigration should be limited as well

13. The Emergency Quota Act of 1921 Goal:Cut European immigration to the United States Plan:Establish a maximum number of people to enter the U.S. from a foreign country

14. Emergency Quota Problems: Did not apply to immigrants from the Western Hemisphere (Canada & Mexico) Excluded Japanese immigrants Discriminated against people from Eastern and Southern Europe

15. Scandal Hits Harding’s Administration Harding’s Position Opposed government’s role in business Opposed government’s role in business Disapproved of most social reforms Disapproved of most social reforms Set up Bureau of Budget to run the government efficiently Set up Bureau of Budget to run the government efficiently Urged U.S. Steel to abandon the 12 hour day Urged U.S. Steel to abandon the 12 hour day Made excellent appointments to his cabinet Made excellent appointments to his cabinet

16. Harding’s Administration Charles Evans Hughes (thumbs up) Charles Evans Hughes (thumbs up) Secretary of State Secretary of State Later became chief justice of the Supreme Court Later became chief justice of the Supreme Court Herbert Hoover (thumbs up) Herbert Hoover (thumbs up) Secretary of Commerce Secretary of Commerce Handled food distribution and refugee problems during World War I Handled food distribution and refugee problems during World War I

17. The Ohio Gang Harry Daugherty (thumbs down) Harry Daugherty (thumbs down) Attorney General Attorney General Lobbyist for tobacco and meat packing companies Lobbyist for tobacco and meat packing companies Albert B. Fall (thumbs downs) Albert B. Fall (thumbs downs) Interior Secretary Interior Secretary Close friend of oil executives Close friend of oil executives

18. Scandals Plague Harding Harding admitted that he didn’t understand many of the things he had to deal with as president Harding admitted that he didn’t understand many of the things he had to deal with as president Harding’s friends (the Ohio Gang) use their position to become wealthy Harding’s friends (the Ohio Gang) use their position to become wealthy

19. Charles R. Forbes Charles R. Forbes Head of the Veterans Bureau Head of the Veterans Bureau Allowed Veterans hospitals to overcharge the government by $250 million Allowed Veterans hospitals to overcharge the government by $250 million Colonel Thomas W. Miller Colonel Thomas W. Miller Head of the Office of Alien Property Head of the Office of Alien Property Sold chemical patents that were seized from the Germans Sold chemical patents that were seized from the Germans

20. The Teapot Dome Scandal Oil rich land that was set aside by conservationists in Teapot Dome, Wyoming and Elk Hills, California for use by the U.S. Navy

21. The Scandal Unfolds Secretary Fall Secretary Fall Had the land transferred to the Interior Department Had the land transferred to the Interior Department Leased the land to private oil companies Leased the land to private oil companies Said the deal benefited the government, however he received $325,000 in cash and bonds, several ranches and prize livestock Said the deal benefited the government, however he received $325,000 in cash and bonds, several ranches and prize livestock

22. Although there was a lot of scandal in Harding’s administration, Harding was never a part of any scandal Although there was a lot of scandal in Harding’s administration, Harding was never a part of any scandal After returning from a goodwill tour to Alaska, President Harding died from a heart attack or a burst blood vessel in his brain After returning from a goodwill tour to Alaska, President Harding died from a heart attack or a burst blood vessel in his brain Calvin Coolidge became President Calvin Coolidge became President