1. Acoustics Research Group, Department of Electrical & Computer Engineering, University of Canterbury, New Zealand Acoustics Research Group Ten key papers in Synthetic Aperture Sonar Prof. Peter Gough (presenter) Dr. Michael Hayes

2. Acoustics Research Group Synthetic Aperture Operation

3. Acoustics Research Group Early Kiwi-SAS image Resolution 15cm by 15cm

4. Acoustics Research Group “Image courtesy of Kongsberg Maritime and FFI" SAS image of the German World War II Type VIIc submarine U-735, which was sunk in the Oslo fjord in 1944. Theoretical resolution in the image is approximately 3 x 3 cm.

5. Acoustics Research Group Key paper 1: Cutrona, 1975 J. Acoust. Soc. Am.,1975, 58(2):336:348.

6. Acoustics Research Group Key paper 1: Cutrona, 1975 Along-track resolution = D/2 –where D = along-track dimension of the transducer (i) This means the SMALLER the transducer, the BETTER the along-track resolution in the image. (ii) This resolution is independent of the centre frequency. Cross-track resolution = c /2BW –where c = speed of sound –BW = temporal bandwidth

7. Acoustics Research Group Key paper 2: Gilmour, 1978

8. Acoustics Research Group Key Paper 2: Gilmour, 1978. US Patent 4088978

9. Acoustics Research Group Key paper 3: Christoff et al, 1982 J. Acoust. Soc. Am. 1982, 71(6):1606-1607

10. Acoustics Research Group Key paper 3: Christoff et al, 1982

11. Acoustics Research Group Key paper 4: Huxtable et al, 1993 Proc. IEEE Oceans’93,Oct 1993, 1:125-131

12. Acoustics Research Group Key paper 4: Huxtable and Geyer, 1993

13. Acoustics Research Group Key paper 4: Huxtable et al, 1993

14. Acoustics Research Group Key paper 5: Griffiths et al,1994 Proc Inst. of Acoustics, Dec.1994, 16(6):151-159

15. Acoustics Research Group Key paper 5: Griffiths et al,1994

16. Acoustics Research Group Key paper 6: Chatillon et al, 1999 IEEE J. Oceanic Eng., Jan. 1999, 24(1):4-15

17. Acoustics Research Group Key paper 6: Chatillon et al, 1999

18. Acoustics Research Group Key paper 6: Chatillon et al, 1999

19. Acoustics Research Group Key paper 7: Lurton, 2000 IEEE J. Oceanic Eng., 2000, 25(3):351-363

20. Acoustics Research Group Key paper 7: Lurton, 2000.

21. Acoustics Research Group Key paper 7: Lurton, 2000.

22. Acoustics Research Group Key paper 8: Bellettini et al, 2002 IEEE J. Oceanic Eng., Oct. 2002, 27(4):780-789.

23. Acoustics Research Group Key paper 8 : Bellettini et al, 2002

24. Acoustics Research Group Key paper 9: Sutton et al, 2002 IEE Proc. Radar, Sonar & Navigation, 2002, 150(2):78-83.

25. Acoustics Research Group Key paper 9: Sutton et al, 2002

26. Acoustics Research Group Key paper 10: Mitchell et al, 2006 Proc. Inst. of Acoust., Sept. 2006 28(5):65-71.

27. Acoustics Research Group Key paper 10: Mitchell et al, 2006

28. Acoustics Research Group Key paper 10: Mitchell et al, 2006

29. Acoustics Research Group Key paper 10: Mitchell et al, 2006

30. Acoustics Research Group Conclusions Current SAS systems now have all the attributes first proposed in the mid 1970s by SAR engineers Although still with all the inherent limitations of a coherent imaging system, SAS side-scan images are approaching “optical” quality Apologies to anyone who thought they should be in this collection