1. ©2000 Timothy G. Standish Electrophoresis Timothy G. Standish, Ph. D.

2. SUGAR-PHOSPHATE BACKBONE H P O HO O O CH 2 HOH P O O HO O O CH 2 H P O OH HO O O CH 2 NH 2 N N N N O O N NH N N N O NH 2 N B A S E S DNADNADNADNA O H P O HO O O CH 2 HO O H2NH2N N HN N N H H P OH O O CH 2 O O N O H2NH2N N H H2OH2O HOH P O O O CH 2 CH 3 O O HN N H2OH2O

3. ©2000 Timothy G. Standish The Watson - Crick Model Of DNA Major groove Minor groove A T T A G C C G G C T A A T G C T A A T C G - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - -

4. ©2000 Timothy G. Standish Submarine Gel Electrophoresis Gel Box Negative electrode Positive electrode Sample to be loaded WellGel

5. ©2000 Timothy G. Standish Submarine Gel Electrophoresis

6. ©2000 Timothy G. Standish 100 V Submarine Gel Electrophoresis +- DNA Migration

7. ©2000 Timothy G. Standish Gel Electrophoresis Wells

8. ©2000 Timothy G. Standish Gel Electrophoresis Wells

9. ©2000 Timothy G. Standish Gel Electrophoresis + - Direction of DNA Travel Wells Small Large

10. ©2000 Timothy G. Standish Electrophoresis of Dyes 1 2 3 4 5

11. ©2000 Timothy G. Standish