1. Slide 1 Copyright QSMAssociates, Inc. All Rights Reserved “Index Based Productivity Benchmarking” “How Productive Were Our Teams on Our Most Recent Projects?”

2. Slide 2 Copyright QSMAssociates, Inc. All Rights Reserved Software Production Equation Conceptual Form = xx TIMEEFFORT PROCESS PRODUCTIVITY PRODUCT SIZE ESLOC Function Points Objects

3. Slide 3 Copyright QSMAssociates, Inc. All Rights Reserved = x TIMEEFFORT PRODUCT SIZE ESLOC Function Points Objects PROCESS PRODUCTIVITY Software Production Equation Historical Form

4. Slide 4 Copyright QSMAssociates, Inc. All Rights Reserved v In each Development Group, Start by Going After 1 -3 Past Projects Specific to Your Group v Hold briefing meeting with project managers. v Explain information requirements and lifecycle semantics v Explain what data will be used for v Offer your services in support of data collection v Gather the SEI 4 Core Metrics v Size, Time, Effort, Defects Process Productivity Index (PI) Calculating in Your Environment

5. Slide 5 Copyright QSMAssociates, Inc. All Rights Reserved Example PI Calculation Size = 270 Function Points 27,074 LOC Effort = 24 Person-Months Time = 6 Months

6. Slide 6 Copyright QSMAssociates, Inc. All Rights Reserved How the PI is Calculated v Step 1 - Note the time for the Main Build phase (Detailed Design thru Code, Unit Test, Integration, System Accepted for Deployment). In this case, 6 months. v Step 2 - Record the Full Time Equivalent (FTE) Effort. In this case, 24 Person-months. This includes design, code, test, QA, CM staff etc. v Step 3 - Identify the amount of New + Modified Source Code. In this case, 27,074 SLOC, comprising 270 Function Points (or about >100 LOC per FP). v Step 4 - Identify B (Integration) Factor from lookup table.

7. Slide 7 Copyright QSMAssociates, Inc. All Rights Reserved Size B 5k -15k sloc.16 20k.18 30k.28 40k.34 50k.37 >70k.39 Lookup Table - Select “ B” (Integration Factor) Progressively Higher Values of B allow for Various Degrees of Software Integration Testing

8. Slide 8 Copyright QSMAssociates, Inc. All Rights Reserved How the PI is Calculated (con’t) v Plug Size, Time, Effort, B Factor into SW Equation. Determine Productivity Parameter (PP). Then Map to a Productivity Index (PI). 27,074 = (PP) x (6 mos/12) 1.33 x ((24 pm/12)/.28).33 = (PP) x (.5) 1.33 x (7.14).33 PP = 35,422 This Maps to a PI = 17 (See following Table)

9. Slide 9 Copyright QSMAssociates, Inc. All Rights Reserved PI PP 1754 2987 31220 41597 51974 62584 73194 84181 95186 106765 118362 1210946 Map Productivity Parameter to a PI Value PI PP 1313530 1417711 1521892 1628657 1735422 1846368 1957314 2075025 2192736 22121393 23150050 24196418

10. Slide 10 Copyright QSMAssociates, Inc. All Rights Reserved Productivity Index Industry Baselines - 1997/8 CategoryPI STD Dev v Business 17.3 +/- 4.1 v System Software 13.7 +/- 4.9 v Telecom 12.2 +/- 4.0 v Scientific 12.1 +/- 3.5 v Process Control 12.1 +/- 3.4 v Command & Ctrl 11.3 +/- 4.3 v Avionic 8.2 +/- 4.8 v Real-time 7.8 +/- 3.8 v Microcode 6.3 +/- 2.8 Finance Retail Insurance Others

11. Slide 11 Copyright QSMAssociates, Inc. All Rights Reserved 27282930 Number of Projects 0.0 0.5 1.0 1.5 2.0 2.5 3.0 3.5 PI Range: 13.5 - 23.6 PI Average: 17.5 Telecom IT PI Avg. 17.5 How Does My Org. Compare? (and What Can I Do to Improve?)

12. Slide 12 Copyright QSMAssociates, Inc. All Rights Reserved Size = 69,000 ESLOC Burdened Labor Rate = $120,000/PY Productivity Index Effort (PM) Schedule (Mos) Cost ($) 15 14 13 63 84 120 14.7 16.4 17.7 630,000 840,000 1,200,000 MTTD (Days) 4.3 3.6 2.8 Process Productivity Index (PI) What’s a PI Worth?

13. Slide 13 Copyright QSMAssociates, Inc. All Rights Reserved Process Productivity Index (PI) Quantifies Team Performance...

14. Slide 14 Copyright QSMAssociates, Inc. All Rights Reserved Process Productivity Index (PI)... In the Environment they are Working in Day to Day Management Methods ToolsTraining Users Requirements

15. Slide 15 Copyright QSMAssociates, Inc. All Rights Reserved Recommended Reading v Mah, Michael C., “High-Definition Software Measurement” © May 1999 Software Magazine  Mah, Michael C., and Putnam, Lawrence H., “Software by the Numbers: An Aerial View of the Software Metrics Landscape” © 1997 American Programmer.  Putnam, Lawrence H., and Myers, Ware, “Industrial Strength Software” © 1997 IEEE Computer Society.  Tufte, Edward, “Visual Explanations, Images and Quantities, Evidence and Narrative” © 1997 Graphics Press.