1. Dictionaries by Jennifer Bates, Rita Johnston, Hannah Noll, Regina De Guerra, and Gillian Speace

2. What is a Dictionary? OED Definition: 1. a. A book dealing with the individual words of a language (or certain specified classes of them), so as to set forth their orthography, pronunciation, signification, and use, their synonyms, derivation, and history, or at least some of these facts: for convenience of reference, the words are arranged in some stated order, now, in most languages, alphabetical; and in larger dictionaries the information given is illustrated by quotations from literature; a word- book, vocabulary, or lexicon. Full link Full link

3. What is a Dictionary? From Webster’s Third New International Dictionary of the English Language, Unabridged Dictionary

4. Organization of a Dictionary Alphabetically By root origin (In Arabic, some Sanskrit) Pronunciation, shape, letter stroke (In ideographic writing systems)

5. Some Types of Dictionaries Unabridged Abridged Pocket Multiple Language Specialized or Technical Dictionaries Online Dictionaries Gaming Dictionaries Colloquial and Slang Dictionaries Childrens’ Dictionaries Visual Dictionaries Glossaries Thesaurus

6. Evaluation Criteria Format - CD-Rom, Online, or Book? Scope Relation to Similar Works Authority - Reputable publisher? Good reviews? Treatment - Are definitions precise and accurate? Any bias? Currency of Definitions Arrangement Special Features - Synonyms/Antonyms - Etymology

7. The OED: What Makes it Unique It was the first successful attempt to compile a comprehensive dictionary of English words James Murray, the editor, advertised to the public to help collect the earliest and best quotations for EACH WORD in use in English. The project began in 1857 and was not completed until 1928. First edition named New English Dictionary on Historical Principles An unabridged dictionary, but also more: - Has etymology of each word - Some people use it as a quotation dictionary b/c of its quotes

8. OED

9. Later Editions As soon as the first OED was completed, the compilers began updating it. 1992 – first CD-Rom version Second Edition –completed 1989 Third Edition – is being completely revised for the first time. It will not be completed before 2018, and it may be only in online form, depending on demand, according to Oxford.

10. Evaluation Current editions are in print and online, but online updated more frequently. Scope: All English words in current use in the general population. Similar to other unabridged dictionaries, but with superior etymology and quotations. In a class by itself. Authority: The first and the BEST! Published by Oxford. Treatment: Heavy on determining meaning through use Technological definitions not current: computercomputer Arrangement: Alphabetical (print), searchable (online)

11. Webster’s Third New International Dictionary of the English Language: What Makes It Unique? Considered the most prestigious unabridged dictionary published in N. America. Considered “too permissive” by its critics when first published – more descriptive than prescriptive. Has an online counterpart. Entries in easily readable style.

12. Evaluation Print and online version. Web version contains 1996 update not in print version. Scope: All English words in current use in the general population. Similar to other unabridged dictionaries, Authority: Widely considered the best in its class. Respected publisher. Treatment: easily readable, concise definitions for an unabridged. More accepting of ‘improper’ English, descriptive not prescriptive. Technological definitions not current: computercomputer Arrangement: Alphabetical (print), searchable (online)

13. A Few Points about Unabridged Dictionaries They take a long time to compile, so are not updated often, so are not kept up to date. Computers and the web are making it easier for unabridged dicts. to stay current. However, as my example indicated, they are still way behind with many definitions.

14. ONLINE DICTIONARIES The Good, the Bad, and the Ugly

21. Subject-Specific Dictionaries

22. Medical Dictionaries

23. corpus, gen. corporis [TA], pl. corpora ( ) The plural of this word is corpora, not corpi. 1. SYN: body (1). 2. Any body or mass. 3. The main part of an organ or other anatomic structure, as distinguished from the head or tail. SEE ALSO: body, diaphysis, soma. [L. body] corpus adiposum [TA]. SYN: fat-pad. corpus adiposum buccae [TA]. SYN: buccal fat-pad.

24. Law Dictionaries

31. Acronyms, Abbreviations, etc. C.O.R.P.U.S Corps of Reserve Priests United for Service

32. Word Games

34. Visual Dictionaries

35. Thematically organized, not alphabetical No definitions given An alphabetical index is included Bragonier, Reginald. What’s What: A Visual Glossary of the Physical World. Maplewood, N.J. : Hammond, c1981.

36. A dual language example Facts on File makes versions in several languages Has thematic as well as alphabetical indices Corbeil, Jean Claude. The Facts on File English/Spanish visual dictionary : look up the word from the picture, find the picture from the word. New York : Facts on File, c1992.

37. Another format The New Oxford Picture Dictionary comes in several languages and just English “For all ages” Parnwell, E. C. The new Oxford picture dictionary, English/ Navajo ed. New York : Oxford University Press, 1989.

38. Online Visual Dictionaries http://www.infovisual.info/ Format – hard to search, easy to browse Scope – only biology, anatomy, music, transport Authority – Bernard Déry (?) Features – gives short written descriptions, too http://www.allaboutspace.com/science/dictionary/ Format – cannot search, only browse Scope – 17 science categories Authority – by Enchanted Learning (teacher resource) Features – long descriptions, labeled diagrams, links

39. Children’s Dictionaries

40. For young children No definitions, but some examples To be read as well as used for reference Seuss, Dr. The Cat in the Hat Beginner Book Dictionary.

41. For “early elementary” Simple definitions with example sentences Easy to understand pronunciation guide Levey, Judith S. Scholastic first dictionary. New York : Scholastic Reference, c1998.

42. For “8 to 11 year olds” More advanced pronunciation key, parts of speech More advanced words, and more meanings of each word Webster's new world children's dictionary. Cleveland : Webster's New World, c1991.

43. For “5 th through 8 th graders” Even more words, and more meanings Includes more features, such as slang terms, phrases, and geographical terms Webster's new world dictionary for young adults. New York : Prentice Hall, c1992.

44. Online Children’s Dictionaries http://www.wordcentral.com/ Format – poorly designed interface Audience – about middle school level ? Authority – Merriam-Webster’s Student Dictionary Features – pronunciation guide at the bottom of the page http://www.factmonster.com/ Format – better interface and display Audience – about middle school level ? Authority – Random House Unabridged Dictionary Features – links to encyclopedia entry from The Columbia Electronic Encyclopedia

45. Language Dictionaries

46. The Oxford Spanish Dictionary Broad coverage, many meanings and phrases Complex entry structure can be confusing The Oxford Spanish dictionary : Spanish- English/English-Spanish. Oxford : Oxford University Press, 1994.

47. Often include extra sections Verb charts Letter samples, usage guides, country information Collins diccionario inglés = Collins Spanish dictionary. 6th ed. Barcelona : Grijalbo ; New York : Collins, c2000.

48. A slang dictionary Beware this is specific to Spain Carbonell Basset, Delfín. An English and Spanish dictionary of slang and unconventional language = Diccionario castellano e inglés de argot y lenguaje informal. 1. ed. Barcelona : Ediciones del Serbal, 1997.

49. A phrase dictionary Again, particular to Spain Carbonell Basset, Delfín. Diccionario fraseológico : inglés-castellano, castellano-inglés : frases, expresiones, modismos, dichos, locuciones, idiotismos, refranes, etc. = A phraseological dictionary : English- Spanish, Spanish-English : phrases, expressions, locutions, clichés, idioms, sayings, saws, proverbs, etc. Barcelona : Ediciones del Serbal, c1995.

50. Online Language Dictionaries http://education.yahoo.com/reference/dict_en_es/ Format – can search and browse in both languages Authority – The American Heritage Spanish Dictionary Features – finds related words and verb forms; audio files http://www.logos.it/pls/dictionary/new_dictionary.home_p roject?pjCode=10&lang=en&u_code=4395 http://www.logos.it/pls/dictionary/new_dictionary.home_p roject?pjCode=10&lang=en&u_code=4395 Format – browse children’s dictionary or search adults’ Authority – collaboratively generated Features – universal verb conjugator; some audio files

51. Thesauri

52. Definition “a very specialized dictionary that deals only with word synonyms and antonyms” (Bopp and Smith)

53. Typical Entry Word Part of Speech Definition Synonyms Antonyms Slang, Informal, Idiom, Archaic

54. Exemplary Print Source

55. Easy to use Clear distinctions between entries Gives informal and colloquial synonyms Has a “see also” section for most entries

56. Exemplary Online Source Thesaurus.com http://thesaurus.reference.com Easy-to-read design layout Concise, one-word definitions Direct links to each synonym and antonym listed Words from Roget’s New Millenium Thesaurus

57. Thesaurus for Learners of English

58. Example sentences for each main entry and for each synonym Also includes an indexes of irregular verbs and of idiomatic use of prepositions

59. Bartlett’s Familiar Quotations

60. Guide to the Use of Familiar Quotations tells how the book is organized: chrono- logically by birth date of author Index of Authors lists authors’ birth and death dates and page numbers Index lists keywords alphabetically; tells page number and which entry on the page

61. Online Sources yourDictionary.com http://yourdictionary.com/ Links to Bartlett’s (through Bartleby) and The Quotations Page

62. Online Sources Searching for “To be or not to be” in several online quotation databases yielded no results related to Shakespeare or Hamlet Searching for “I wandered lonely as a cloud” and Wordsworth yielded no results

63. Quotation Books by Subject Much narrower scope Alphabetized by subject—It is nearly impossible to find a specific quote, even if you know who said it

64. Examples The Concise Columbia Dictionary of Quotations A Book in Hand is Worth Two in the Library

65. Questions? Comments?