1. Climate ZonesClimate ZonesClimate ZonesClimate Zones

2. First and foremost let me introduce you to my team: Mohammad Kowshik Abdullah

3. It’s a good idea to make some notes of our presentation as I have a surprise for you guyz and galz at the end

4. Today, we will be focusing on:  Introduction to climate zones  Eco-regions  Bio-climate profile  Bergeron & spatial synoptic  Thornthwaite

5. Introductionto Climate Zones

6. Introduction to Climate Zones  There are different types of climate all over the world  Warmer ones are closer to the equator where the Sun's heat is stronger  Colder ones are nearer the North and South Poles  The Earth can be divided up into a number of climate zones according to the type of climate that exists in a particular region

7. Climate Classifications There are several ways to classify climates into similar regimes. Originally, climes were defined in Ancient Greece to describe the weather depending upon a location's latitude. Modern climate classification methods can be broadly divided into genetic methods, which focus on the causes of climate, and empiric methods, which focus on the effects of climate.

8. What has Science to do with Climate Zones?  In the early 1900’s a scientist named Vladimir Köppen (1846-1940) used temperature, precipitation and plant community to identify climate zones.

9. Vladimir Köppen (1846-1940)  He is a Russian born geographer, meteorologist, climatologist and botanist  His most notable contribution to science was the development of the Koppen climate classification system.  His contribution is commonly used today with some modifications.

11. Bio-climate Profiles

12. Bio-climate Profiles  Bio-climate profiles provide a ‘climate at a glance’ graphical representation of climate and related indices on a site-by-site basis for historical and future time periods  A typical bio-climate profile consists of a number of elements that describe the temperature and moisture conditions at the site in question  The bio-climate profile information was developed to assist in multi-disciplinary studies of past and future climate regimes

13. Bergeron and Spatial Synoptic

14.  The Bergeron classification is the most widely accepted form of air mass classification.  Air mass classification involves three letters. The first letter describes moisture properties, with c used for continental air masses (dry) and m for maritime air masses (moist).  The second letter describes the thermal characteristic of its source region. T for Tropical, P for Polar, A for Arctic, or Antarctic, M for Monsoon, E for Equatorial, and S for Superior Air.  The third letter is used to designate the stability of the atmosphere.

15. Source Region of Global Air Masses

16. Eco-regions

17.  A new method of classifying climate has been developed to reflect the survival of the eco system  New climate zones, which focus on the ecology of the region are called eco regions  Eco-regions are based on landforms, soil, plants, animals as well as climate

18. Eco-region map

20. Professor of Climatology at John Hopkins University and the President of the Commission for Climatology of the World Meteorogical Organization. C.W. Thornthwaite invented a climate classification method which monitors the soil water budget using the concept of evapotranspiration. It monitors the portion of total precipitation used to nourish vegetation over a certain area. It uses indices such as a humidity index and an aridity index to determine an area's moisture regime based upon its average temperature, average rainfall, and average vegetation type.

22. In meteorology, precipitation is any product of the condensation of atmostpheric water vapour that is pulled down by gravity and deposited on the Earth's surface. The main forms of precipitation include rain, snow, ice pellets, and graupel Moisture overriding associated with weather fronts is an overall major method of precipitation production. If enough moisture and upward motion is present, precipitation falls from convective clouds such as cumulonimbus and can organize into narrow rainbands.

23. Formation Formation Raindrops- Air resistance typically causes the water droplets in a cloud to remain stationary. When air turbulence occurs, water droplets collide, producing larger droplets. As these larger water droplets descend, coalescence continues, so that drops become heavy enough to overcome air resistance and fall as rain. Ice pellets- Ice pellets form when a layer of above-freezing air is located between 1,500 metres (4,900 ft) and 3,000 metres (9,800 ft) above the ground, with sub-freezing air both above and below it. This causes the partial or complete melting of any snowflakes falling through the warm layer. As they fall back into the sub-freezing layer closer to the surface, they re-freeze into ice pellets.

24. Thank you. Hope you enjoyed our presentation. Do you have any questions?

25. Now let’s have a small QUIZ How it goes is my colleague will throw a ball on any person and if it strikes on a person he / she will have to answer, if my colleague misses to hit anyone our smart, handsome and teacher Mr. Vincient will answer the question….  and anyone who doesn’t answer the question will have to do what the questioner commands

26. When was Vladimir Köppen born?

27. (1846-1940)

28. Where was the climate classification originally defined?

29. Ancient Greece

30. What is a bio-climate profile?

31. Bio-climate profiles is a graphical representation of climate and related indices on a site-by-site basis

32. What are eco regions?

33. New climate zones, which focus on the ecology of the region are called eco regions

34. Hope all of you enjoyed our little QUIZ