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Published byClementine Perry Modified over 9 years ago
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Burden of Cardiovascular Disease in Mississippi
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Top Ten Leading Causes of Death in Mississippi, 2007 Source: Mississippi Vital Statistics, 2007
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CVD Age-Adjusted Mortality Rates, MS vs. US, 1999-2006 Source: CDC Wonder, 2006
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MS Stroke Rates Sources: Mississippi Vital Statistics, 2007 CDC Wonder 2005 MS BRFSS 2008 2005 MS age-adjusted stroke mortality was 19% higher than US 2008 MS stroke rate was 54% higher than US
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Risk Factors of CVD, MS vs. US, 2007 Source: MS BRFSS, 2007
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Adults, NHANES: 2005-2006 Prevalence of Hypertension
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JNC 7 Classification Chobanian et al. JAMA. 2003;289:2560-2572.
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NHANES: 2005-2006 Hypertension – Barriers to Control _____________
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CVD Risk Factors Hypertension* Obesity* Dyslipidemia* Diabetes mellitus* Microalbuminuria or est GFR <60 mL/min Cigarette smoking Physical inactivity Age –> 55 for men –> 65 for women Family hx of premature CVD –< 55 for men –< 65 for women *Components of metabolic syndrome. Chobanian et al. JAMA. 2003;289:2560-2572. NCEP ATP III. 2002. NIH Publication No. 02-5215 – uses earlier age cutpoints.
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Body Mass Index ( kg/m 2 ) 14161820222426283032 Systolic BP (mmHg) 115 120 125 130 135 140 Jones et al. J Hypertension 12: 1433-1437,1994 Relation Between Adiposity and Systolic BP
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Epidemiological studies have shown a correlation between body weight and blood pressure 75% of hypertension in men and 65 % in women is associated with excess adiposity Garrison RJ. Prev Med. 16:1987
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1999 Obesity Trends* Among U.S. Adults BRFSS, 1990, 1999, 2008 (*BMI 30, or about 30 lbs. overweight for 5’4” person) 2008 1990 No Data <10% 10%–14% 15%–19% 20%–24% 25%–29% ≥30%
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Childhood Obesity Trends in Blood Pressure Among Children and Adolescents: JAMA;2004:291 Average weight gain of ~2 lbs/yr (~100 kcal/d surplus)
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A Diet That Reduces Blood Pressure DASH eating –Grains –Vegetables –Fruits –Low-fat dairy foods –Poultry, fish –Nuts, dry beans –Oils –Sweets
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Ambulatory Blood Pressure in High and Low Salt Diet
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Less Sodium - More Potassium Sodium: Less than 2300 mg/day (~ 1 tsp); with HTN < 1,500 mg/day Processed Foods 80% Added at Table 10% Cooking 10%
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Lifestyle Modifications *Dietary Approach to Stop Hypertension
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Evolution of SBP over the Life Course Green – Desirable BP trajectory Red, Orange – BP trajectories in individuals with multiple RFs
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Cultural forces Age Body Weight Societal norms Commercial interests Food industry Public policy Genetic Predisposition Dietary Choices LifestylePharmocology Opportunity for Improving Blood Pressure Control
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The Tide Is Rising! A Bad Situation With the Potential to Get Worse Presents Great Opportunity! Egan. Hypertension. 2004;44:389.
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Hypertension “Blood pressure that increases the risk for cardiovascular events (disease)” “A level of BP above which treatment does more good than harm”
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Hypertension Assessment Accurate and Reliable BP Readings
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972 million people with HTN worldwide 73.6 million in US with HTN (33% of > 20 years) 53.6 million with preHTN) > 70% of pts with stroke, MI, CHF have antecedent HTN 1/5 deaths related to HTN Heart Disease is #1 cause of death in women in MS Stroke is #3 cause of death in women in MS
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