1. © McGraw-Hill Higher Education. All rights reserved. Chapter 13 Evaluating Youth Fitness and Physical Activity

2. © McGraw-Hill Higher Education. All rights reserved. Chapter 13 Outline Historical View of Youth Fitness Testing National Youth Fitness Tests FITNESSGRAM® The President’s Challenge Comparison of Youth Fitness Tests FITNESSGRAM® Physical Activity Assessment President’s Challenge Physical Activity Assessment

3. © McGraw-Hill Higher Education. All rights reserved. Historical View of Youth Fitness Testing 1954 publication of Kraus-Weber test results (Kraus & Hirschland, 1954) heightened concern with youth fitness. –showed European children score higher than American children on minimum muscular fitness test. –motivating force behind first AAHPER Youth Fitness Test in 1958. More recent evidence linking physical activity and obesity to health emphasizes importance of youth fitness testing

4. © McGraw-Hill Higher Education. All rights reserved. What is Physical Fitness? “… ability to carry out daily tasks with vigor and alertness, without undue fatigue, and with ample energy to enjoy leisure time pursuits and to meet unforeseen emergencies.”

5. © McGraw-Hill Higher Education. All rights reserved. Motor Fitness Tests Place an emphasis on athletic emphasis. Initial youth fitness tests were motor fitness tests. Recent youth fitness tests are health- related fitness tests.

6. © McGraw-Hill Higher Education. All rights reserved. Motor Fitness Components ComponentCommon Test Item Muscular StrengthPull-ups, Push-ups, Flexed-arm hang Muscular EnduranceBent-knee sit-up Cardiorespiratory Endurance600-yard run Endurance600-yard run Muscular PowerStanding long jump AgilityShuttle run Speed50-yard dash

7. © McGraw-Hill Higher Education. All rights reserved. Health-related Physical Fitness Shift away from athletic emphasis to focus on health. Criteria for test selection: –Test should measure an area that extends from severely limited dysfunctional to high levels of functional capacity. –Test should measure capacities that can be improved with appropriate physical activity. –Test should reflect person’s fitness status by corresponding test scores and changes in these scores.

8. © McGraw-Hill Higher Education. All rights reserved. Health-related Fitness Components Cardiorespiratory Function Body Composition (leanness/fatness) Abdominal and low back/hamstring musculoskeletal function

9. © McGraw-Hill Higher Education. All rights reserved. National Youth Fitness Programs FITNESSGRAM® –developed by Cooper Institute for Aerobics Research –adopted by AAHPERD President’s Challenge –sponsored by President’s Council on Physical Fitness and Sports

10. © McGraw-Hill Higher Education. All rights reserved. Criterion-referenced Tests Both national youth fitness tests are criterion- referenced (CR) tests. –standards thought to be suitable for health promotion are predetermined. –test scores are compared to the CR standard to determine passing/failing status FITNESSGRAM® provides “Healthy Fitness Zone” –lower level (“good”) reflects minimally acceptable level of health –upper level (“better”) represents level designed to motivate students and provide challenge

11. © McGraw-Hill Higher Education. All rights reserved. Assessment of Physical Activity Both national youth fitness tests now provide options to assess “physical activity”, in addition to physical fitness. ACTIVITYGRAM® –part of FITNESSGRAM® Presidential Active Lifestyle Award –part of President’s Challenge

12. © McGraw-Hill Higher Education. All rights reserved. FITNESSGRAM Test Items Aerobic Capacity –PACER* –One-mile run –Walk test (secondary students) Body Composition –Skinfold measurements* –Body mass index (BMI)

13. © McGraw-Hill Higher Education. All rights reserved. FITNESSGRAM Test Items Abdominal Strength and Endurance –Curl-up* Upper Body Strength –Push-up* –Modified pull-up –Pull-up –Flexed arm hang

14. © McGraw-Hill Higher Education. All rights reserved. FITNESSGRAM Test Items Trunk Extensor Strength and Flexibility –Trunk lift* Flexibility (may select one) –Back-saver sit and reach –Shoulder stretch

15. © McGraw-Hill Higher Education. All rights reserved.

16. PACER 20-meter Multi-stage Shuttle Run Starts out slowly and gets faster each minute. Pace is controlled by CD and can be set to music. Students run back and forth across 20-m distance until they cannot maintain pace. –less fit students end the test first Score is number of laps competed.

17. © McGraw-Hill Higher Education. All rights reserved. PACER VO 2 max =31.025 + 3.238(speed) – 3.3248(age) + 0.1536(speed * age) where speed is maximal shuttle run speed in k. hr -1. Equation was developed on 188 boys and girls aged 8 to 19 years. (R =.71, SEE = 5.9 ml. kg -1. min -1 )

18. © McGraw-Hill Higher Education. All rights reserved. PACER Equipment Needs: flat surface at least 20 m long, PACER CD or cassette tape, CD or cassette player, measuring tape, marker cones.

19. © McGraw-Hill Higher Education. All rights reserved. PACER Practice: Allow two practice sessions so students know how to follow pace and know what to expect.

20. © McGraw-Hill Higher Education. All rights reserved. PACER Standards are not provided for children aged 9 years and younger. Young children are encouraged to participate.

21. © McGraw-Hill Higher Education. All rights reserved. FITNESSGRAM® Criterion-referenced Standards for the PACER, 1-mile Run, and Walk Tests for Boys AgePACER1-Mile RunWalk Test (# laps)(min:sec)(VO 2 max in ml. kg -1. min -1 ) 5 6ParticipationParticipationRecommended 7only.only.for secondary 8No standardsNo standardsstudents only. 9recommended.Recommended. 1023 6111:30 9:00 1123 7211:00 8:30 1232 7210:30 8:00 1341 7210:00 7:3042 52 1441 839:30 7:0042 52 1551 949:00 7:0042 52 1661 948:30 7:0042 52 1761 948:30 7:0042 52 17+61 948:30 7:0042 52

22. © McGraw-Hill Higher Education. All rights reserved. FITNESSGRAM® Criterion-referenced Standards for the PACER, 1-mile Run, and Walk Tests for Girls AgePACER1-mile RunWalk Test (# laps)(min:sec)(VO 2 max in ml. kg -1. min -1 ) 5 6ParticipationParticipationRecommended 7only.only.for secondary 8No standardsNo standardsstudents only. 9recommended.Recommended. 1015 4112:30 9:30 1115 4112:00 9:00 1223 4112:00 9:00 1323 5111:30 9:0037 45 1423 5111:00 8:3036 44 1523 5110:30 8:0035 43 1632 6110:00 8:0035 43 1741 6110:00 8:0035 43 17+41 6110:00 8:0035 43

23. © McGraw-Hill Higher Education. All rights reserved. 1-Mile Run Run 1 mile as fast as possible. Students need to be motivated to provide good effort. It is necessary for students to understand pacing. –practice

24. © McGraw-Hill Higher Education. All rights reserved. 1-Mile Run VO 2 max =108.94 + 0.21(age*gender) – 0.84(BMI) – 8.41(1-mile time) + 0.34(1-mile time 2 ) where gender is 1 = male and 0 = female, 1- mile time is in minutes. Equation was developed on over 750 males and females 8 to 25 years of age. (R =.72, SEE = 4.84 ml. kg -1. min -1 )

25. © McGraw-Hill Higher Education. All rights reserved. Walk Test Walk 1 mile as quickly as possible. An alternative for participants 13 years and older. Heart rate during final 15 seconds of the test is measured. Important to maintain same pace throughout the walk. Developed from Rockport Fitness Walking Test.

26. © McGraw-Hill Higher Education. All rights reserved. Walk Test VO 2 max =132.853 – 0.0769(weight) – 0.377(age) + 6.315(gender) – 3.2649(walk time) – 0.1565(heart rate) where weight is in pounds, gender is 1 = male and 0 = female, walk time is in minutes. Equation was developed on over 343 males and females 30 to 69 years of age. (R =.88, SEE = 5.0 ml. kg -1. min -1 )

27. © McGraw-Hill Higher Education. All rights reserved. Body Composition Percent fat from skinfolds body mass index (BMI) from weight and height

28. © McGraw-Hill Higher Education. All rights reserved. Skinfolds Triceps and calf sites are used. Skinfold calipers are needed. Provide privacy for people being tested. Healthy Fitness Zone: –Boys: 10 – 25% fat –Girls: 17 – 32% fat Optimal Range: –Boys:10 – 20% fat –Girls:15 – 25% fat

29. © McGraw-Hill Higher Education. All rights reserved. Prediction of Percent Fat Boys: %fat = 0.735 * (Sum of triceps + calf) + 1 Girls: %fat = 0.61 * (Sum of triceps + calf) + 5.1 Equations were developed on 310 people 8 to 29 years of age. (R =.88, SEE = 3.8% fat)

30. © McGraw-Hill Higher Education. All rights reserved. Triceps Skinfold

31. © McGraw-Hill Higher Education. All rights reserved. Calf Skinfold

32. © McGraw-Hill Higher Education. All rights reserved. Body Mass Index Calculated from weight and height. Does not provide a measure of body fatness. BMI can misclassify people who are lean, but muscular, as overfat. A person who does not weigh much, but has a high %fat with little muscular development can be misclassified into Healthy Fitness Zone with BMI.

33. © McGraw-Hill Higher Education. All rights reserved. Body Mass Index (BMI) BMI = weight (kg)  height 2 (meters) –pounds  2.2 = kg –inches * 0.0254 = meters Example: 110 pounds (50 kg) and 5 feet 4 inches (64 inches or 1.6256 m) BMI = 50  (1.6256) 2 = 18.92 kg. m -2

34. © McGraw-Hill Higher Education. All rights reserved. FITNESSGRAM® and President’s Challenge Health Fitness Test Criterion-referenced Standards for Body Mass Index (kg. m -2 ) BOYSGIRLS AgeFITNESSGRAM®President’sFITNESSGRAM®President’sChallenge 52014.72116.2 62014.719.513.32116.219.513.3 72014.919.513.32216.219.513.3 82015.120.513.42216.220.513.4 92015.221.413.72316.221.413.7 102115.322.514.023.516.622.514.0 112115.823.714.02416.923.714.0 122216.024.114.824.516.924.114.8 132316.624.715.424.517.524.715.4 1424.517.525.416.12517.525.416.1 152518.126.416.62517.526.416.6 1626.518.526.817.22517.526.817.2 172718.827.517.72617.527.517.7 17+27.819.027.318.0

35. © McGraw-Hill Higher Education. All rights reserved. Muscle Strength, Endurance, and Flexibility Abdominal strength and endurance –curl-up Trunk extensor strength and flexibility –trunk lift Upper body strength and flexibility –push-up –modified pull-up –pull-up –flexed arm hang Flexibility –back-saver sit-and-reach –shoulder stretch

36. © McGraw-Hill Higher Education. All rights reserved. Curl-up Modification of sit-up test to isolate abdominal muscles and minimize involvement of hip flexors. Feet are not held and only first part of sit- up is completed. Completed at specified cadence of 20 curl-ups per minutes. Student completes as many curl-ups as possible at specified cadence to a maximum of 75 curl-ups.

37. © McGraw-Hill Higher Education. All rights reserved. Curl-up Equipment Needed: mats, CD or cassette tape with cadence, measuring strip (3” for 5- to 9-year-old, 4.5” for older subjects.

38. © McGraw-Hill Higher Education. All rights reserved. FITNESSGRAM® Criterion-referenced Standards for Curl-up BOYSGIRLS AgeFITNESSGRAM®FITNESSGRAM® 5210210 6210210 7414414 8620620 9924922 1012241226 1115281529 1218361832 13214018 32 14244518 32 15244718 35 1624471835 1724471835 17+24471835

39. © McGraw-Hill Higher Education. All rights reserved. Trunk Lift Student starts in prone (face down) position on mat and slowly lifts upper body off floor using back muscles. Maximum is 12”. Measurement of trunk lift emphasizes to students importance of this area of body to low back pain.

40. © McGraw-Hill Higher Education. All rights reserved. FITNESSGRAM® Criterion-referenced Standards for Trunk Lift BOYSGIRLS AgeFITNESSGRAM®FITNESSGRAM® 5612 612 6612 612 7612 612 8612 612 9612 612 10912 912 11912 912 12912 912 13912 912 14912 912 15912 912 16912 912 17912 912 17+912 912

41. © McGraw-Hill Higher Education. All rights reserved. Push-up Complete as many push-ups as possible at a specified cadence of 20 push-ups per minute. Continue until student cannot maintain pace or demonstrates poor form. Practice on correct form is very important.

42. © McGraw-Hill Higher Education. All rights reserved. FITNESSGRAM® Criterion-referenced Standards for Push-up BOYSGIRLS AgeFITNESSGRAM®FITNESSGRAM® 538 38 638 38 7410 410 8513 513 9615 615 10720 715 11820 715 121020 715 131225 715 141430 715 151635 715 161835 715 171835 715 17+1835 715

43. © McGraw-Hill Higher Education. All rights reserved. Modified Pull-up Hands are placed on bar with heels on floor. Back is a few inches from the floor. While keeping heels on floor and back straight, student pulls up until chin is above elastic band suspended 7 to 8” below the bar. Easier than traditional pull-up. Fewer zero scores. Participant completes as many modified pull- ups as possible. Equipment Needed: modified pull-up stand.

44. © McGraw-Hill Higher Education. All rights reserved. FITNESSGRAM® Criterion-referenced Standards for Modified Pull-up BOYSGIRLS AgeFITNESSGRAM®FITNESSGRAM® 527 27 627 27 739 39 8411 411 9511 411 10515 413 11617 413 12720 413 13822 413 14925 413 151027 413 161230 413 171430 413 17+1430 413

45. © McGraw-Hill Higher Education. All rights reserved. Modified Pull-up

46. © McGraw-Hill Higher Education. All rights reserved. Pull-up Complete as many push-ups as possible at a specified cadence of 20 push-ups per minute. Not recommended because many students cannot even do one pull-up and the pull-up is not sensitive to changes in upper body strength.

47. © McGraw-Hill Higher Education. All rights reserved. FITNESSGRAM® Criterion-referenced Standards for Pull-up BOYSGIRLS AgeFITNESSGRAM®FITNESSGRAM® 512 12 612 12 712 12 812 12 912 12 1012 12 1113 12 1213 12 1314 12 1425 12 1537 12 1658 12 1758 12 17+58 12

48. © McGraw-Hill Higher Education. All rights reserved. Flexed Arm Hang Student holds chin above the bar with arms in a flexed position for as long as possible. Overhand grasp (palms forward) is used. Equipment Needed: stopwatch Stopwatch is stopped when: –chin touches bar –head tilt’s back to keep chin above bar –chin falls below level of bar

49. © McGraw-Hill Higher Education. All rights reserved. FITNESSGRAM® Criterion-referenced Standards for Flexed Arm Hang (seconds) BOYSGIRLS AgeFITNESSGRAM®FITNESSGRAM® 528 28 628 28 738 38 838 310 9410 410 10410 410 11613 612 12613 712 131217 812 141520 812 151520 812 161520 812 171520 812 17+1520 812

50. © McGraw-Hill Higher Education. All rights reserved. Back-Saver Sit-and-Reach Modification of sit-and-reach test, but testing only one leg at a time. Shoes should be removed. One leg should be extended with foot against sit-and-reach box. Knee of other leg is bent. Student reaches forward along scale and holds farthest reach. Appears to be a measure of hamstring, but not low back flexibility. Maximum score recorded is 12”. Passing standard: –Boys: 8” –Girls: 9” up to age 10; 10” for ages 11 to 14; 12” for 15 years and older.

51. © McGraw-Hill Higher Education. All rights reserved. Shoulder Stretch Test of shoulder flexibility that can help teach that flexibility is joint specific. Student tries to touch fingers behind the back while reaching one arm over the shoulder and the other arm under the elbow. No equipment is necessary. Most students find this test enjoyable. Each shoulder is tested separately and is scored as “Yes” is student can touch fingers together and “No” is student is unable to touch fingertips.

52. © McGraw-Hill Higher Education. All rights reserved. The President’s Challenge Sponsored by President’s Council on Physical Fitness and Sports (PCPFS). Two different tests: –President’s Challenge Physical Fitness Test –President’s Challenge Health Fitness Test

53. © McGraw-Hill Higher Education. All rights reserved. President’s Challenge Physical Fitness Test Items Aerobic Capacity –1-mile run (for 10- to 17-year-olds) –½-mile run (for 8- to 9-year olds) –¼-mile run (for 6- to 7-year-olds)

54. © McGraw-Hill Higher Education. All rights reserved. President’s Challenge Physical Fitness Test Items Muscular Strength, Endurance, and Flexibility –Abdominal strength and endurance: Partial curl-ups (recommended) Curl-ups –Upper body strength and endurance: Right angle push-ups (recommended) Pull-ups Flexed-arm hang –Flexibility V-sit reach Sit and reach Agility: Shuttle run

55. © McGraw-Hill Higher Education. All rights reserved. President’s Challenge Health Fitness Test Items Aerobic Capacity –1-mile run (for 10- to 17-year-olds) –½-mile run (for 8- to 9-year olds) –¼-mile run (for 6- to 7-year-olds) Body Composition: Body mass index

56. © McGraw-Hill Higher Education. All rights reserved. President’s Challenge Health Fitness Test Items Muscular Strength, Endurance, and Flexibility –Abdominal strength and endurance: Partial curl-ups –Upper body strength and endurance: Right angle push-ups (recommended) Pull-ups –Flexibility V-sit reach Sit and reach

57. © McGraw-Hill Higher Education. All rights reserved. 1-Mile Run or ½-Mile Run or ¼- Mile Run Cover distance in fastest possible time. Knowledge of and practice with pacing is important.

58. © McGraw-Hill Higher Education. All rights reserved. Standards and Awards The President’s Challenge offers three awards: –Presidential Award Standards set at 85 th percentile –National Award Standards set at 50 th percentile –Health Fitness Award Adopted from various sources

59. © McGraw-Hill Higher Education. All rights reserved. Qualifying Standards for the President’s Challenge Awards Program for the Aerobic Capacity Tests (1-Mile, ½-Mile, or ¼-Mile Run) BoysGirls AgePresidentialNationalHealth FitnessPresidentialNationalHealth Fitness AwardAwardAwardAwardAwardAward (min:sec)(min:sec)(min:sec)(min:sec)(min:sec)(min:sec) 61:552:212:302:002:262:50 71:482:102:201:552:212:40 83:304:224:453:584:565:35 93:304:144:353:534:505:25 107:579:489:309:1911:2210:00 117:329:209:009:0211:1710:00 127:118:409:008:2311:0510:30 136:508:068:008:1310:2310:30 146:267:448:007:5910:0610:30 156:207:307:308:089:5810:00 166:087:107:308:2310:3110:00 176:067:047:308:1510:2210:00

60. © McGraw-Hill Higher Education. All rights reserved. Partial Curl-up Designed to better assess abdominal strength than traditional curl-up by minimizing contribution of hip flexors. Complete as many as possible to a cadence of 20 curl-ups per minute. At starting position, knees are bent with feet 12” from buttocks. Arms extended, fingers resting on front of thighs. Feet are not held. Curl-up until fingertips touch knees. Pace controlled by metronome or by clapping.

61. © McGraw-Hill Higher Education. All rights reserved. Curl-up Feet are held by partner. Complete as many curl-ups as possible in 1 minute. At starting position, knees are bent with feet 12” from buttocks. Arms placed across chest with hands at opposite shoulders. Curl-up so elbows touch the thighs. Then lower shoulder blades back to floor.

62. © McGraw-Hill Higher Education. All rights reserved. Qualifying Standards for the President’s Challenge Awards Program for Muscular Strength, Endurance, and Flexibility Components for Boys Partial Curl-upsCurl-ups AgePresidentialNationalHealth FitnessPresidentialNational AwardAwardAwardAwardAward (#)(#)(#)(# in 1 minute)(# in 1 minute) 62210123322 72413123628 83017154031 93720154132 103524204535 114326204737 126432205040 135939255342 146240255645 157545305745 167337305645 176642305544

63. © McGraw-Hill Higher Education. All rights reserved. Qualifying Standards for the President’s Challenge Awards Program for Muscular Strength, Endurance, and Flexibility Components for Girls Partial Curl-upsCurl-ups AgePresidentialNationalHealth FitnessPresidentialNational AwardAwardAwardAwardAward (#)(#)(#)(# in 1 minute)(# in 1 minute) 62210123223 72413123425 83017153829 93720153930 103324204030 114327204232 125030204535 135940254637 144830254737 153826304836 164926304535 175840304434

64. © McGraw-Hill Higher Education. All rights reserved. Right Angle Push-up Student completes as many push-ups as possible to a cadence of 1 push-up every 3 seconds. Hands under shoulders, body straight. Push-up until arms are straight. Lower body until elbows are bent at 90  angle. Pace is controlled by metronome or by clapping. Test continues until student cannot maintain pace.

65. © McGraw-Hill Higher Education. All rights reserved. Pull-up Pull body weight upward while arms are fully extended. Body should be lowered until arms are straight. Not recommended because most students cannot even do one pull-up.

66. © McGraw-Hill Higher Education. All rights reserved. Flexed-Arm Hang Student remains in up position of pull-up for as long as possible (arms flexed and chin above bar). Stopwatch is needed for timing. Can use either overhand or underhand grasp. Can not be used for Presidential Award.

67. © McGraw-Hill Higher Education. All rights reserved. Qualifying Standards for the President’s Challenge Awards Program for Upper Body Strength and Endurance Components for Boys Right Angle Push-ups Pull-upsFlexed-arm Hang AgePresidentialNationalHealth FitnessPresidentialNationalHealth FitnessNational AwardAwardAwardAwardAwardAwardAward (#)(#)(#)(#)(#)(#)(sec) 69732116 714844118 8179551110 91812652110 102214762112 112715862211 123118972212 1339241073214 14402412105320 15423014116430 16443016117528 17533718138630

68. © McGraw-Hill Higher Education. All rights reserved. Qualifying Standards for the President’s Challenge Awards Program for Upper Body Strength and Endurance Components for Girls Right Angle Push-ups Pull-upsFlexed-arm Hang AgePresidentialNationalHealth FitnessPresidentialNationalHealth FitnessNational AwardAwardAwardAwardAwardAwardAward (#)(#)(#)(#)(#)(#)(sec) 69632116 714842116 817952118 9181262118 10201373118 11191173117 12201082117 13211172118 14201072119 15201572117 16241271117 17251671117

69. © McGraw-Hill Higher Education. All rights reserved. V-Sit Reach Students sits with legs in “V” position, with feet about 8 to 12” apart at baseline. Slowly reach forward as far as possible along measuring stick. Measuring line should be extended two feet from baseline on each side. Zero point is at baseline. Legs are kept straight. Stretching exercises should be included in warm-up before this test.

70. © McGraw-Hill Higher Education. All rights reserved. Sit and Reach Sit with feet at side of sit-and-reach box and reach forward as far as possible keeping knees straight. Starting point of feet is at 23 cm mark on sit-and-reach box. This is a better measure of hamstring flexibility than lower back flexibility.

71. © McGraw-Hill Higher Education. All rights reserved. Qualifying Standards for the President’s Challenge Awards Program for Flexibility Components for Boys V-Sit ReachSit and Reach AgePresidentialNationalHealth FitnessPresidentialNationalHealth Fitness AwardAwardAwardAwardAwardAward (inches)(inches)(inches)(cm)(cm)(cm) 6+3.5+1.0+1312621 7+3.5+1.0+1302521 8+3.0+0.5+1312521 9+3.0+1.0+1312521 10+4.0+1.0+1302521 11+4.0+1.0+1312521 12+4.0+1.0+1312621 13+3.5+0.5+1332621 14+4.5+1.0+1362821 15+5.0+2.0+1373021 16+6.0+3.0+1383021 17+7.0+3.0+1413421

72. © McGraw-Hill Higher Education. All rights reserved. Qualifying Standards for the President’s Challenge Awards Program for Flexibility Components for Girls V-Sit ReachSit and Reach AgePresidentialNationalHealth FitnessPresidentialNationalHealth Fitness AwardAwardAwardAwardAwardAward (inches)(inches)(inches)(cm)(cm)(cm) 6+5.5+2.5+2322723 7+5.0+2.0+2322223 8+4.5+2.0+2332823 9+5.5+2.0+2332823 10+6.0+3.0+2332823 11+6.5+3.0+2342923 12+7.0+3.5+2363023 13+7.0+3.5+3383125 14+8.0+4.5+3403325 15+8.0+5.0+3433625 16+9.0+5.5+3423425 17+8.0+4.5+3423525

73. © McGraw-Hill Higher Education. All rights reserved. Shuttle Run A measure of agility. Only test included on President’s Challenge that is not a health-related fitness test. Student runs a total of 40 yards by running back and forth across a 10-yard course. Two blocks (2” x 2” x 4”) are carried from one side to the other. Student runs from start to other side, picks up one block and brings it back to start. Then does this again with the other block in fastest possible time.

74. © McGraw-Hill Higher Education. All rights reserved. Qualifying Standards for the President’s Challenge Awards Program for Agility Component Boys Girls AgePresidentialNationalPresidentialNational AwardAwardAwardAward (sec)(sec)(sec)(sec) 6 12.113.312.413.8 7 11.512.812.113.2 8 11.112.211.812.9 9 10.911.911.112.5 10 10.311.510.812.1 11 10.011.110.511.5 12 9.810.610.411.3 13 9.510.210.211.1 14 9.19.910.111.2 159.09.710.011.0 168.79.410.110.9 178.79.410.011.0

75. © McGraw-Hill Higher Education. All rights reserved. Body Mass Index Weight (kilograms)  height 2 (meters) Only body composition test included on President’s Challenge. –Only used with Health Fitness Award Standards for desirable range are similar to those used on FITNESSGRAM®.

76. © McGraw-Hill Higher Education. All rights reserved. FITNESSGRAM® and President’s Challenge Health Fitness Test Criterion-referenced Standards for Body Mass Index (kg. m -2 ) BOYSGIRLS AgeFITNESSGRAM®President’sFITNESSGRAM®President’sChallenge 52014.72116.2 62014.719.513.32116.219.513.3 72014.919.513.32216.219.513.3 82015.120.513.42216.220.513.4 92015.221.413.72316.221.413.7 102115.322.514.023.516.622.514.0 112115.823.714.02416.923.714.0 122216.024.114.824.516.924.114.8 132316.624.715.424.517.524.715.4 1424.517.525.416.12517.525.416.1 152518.126.416.62517.526.416.6 1626.518.526.817.22517.526.817.2 172718.827.517.72617.527.517.7 17+27.819.027.318.0

77. © McGraw-Hill Higher Education. All rights reserved. Comparison of Youth Fitness Tests President’s Challenge Physical Fitness Test does not include a measure of body composition and does include a measure of agility (a motor fitness component). FITNESSGRAM® and President’s Challenge Health Fitness Test appear to have similar goals.

78. © McGraw-Hill Higher Education. All rights reserved. Comparison of Youth Fitness Tests 1-Mile Run is a component of both FITNESSGRAM® and President’s Challenge. –Some of passing standards for Health Fitness Test are much faster than passing standards for FITNESSGRAM®. FITNESSGRAM® standards appear to most closely approximate the values needed for health promotion.

79. © McGraw-Hill Higher Education. All rights reserved. FITNESSGRAM® Physical Activity Assessment By measuring activity, we emphasize to students the importance of being physically active. Two ways to assess physical activity: –FITNESSGRAM® Physical Activity Questionnaire –ACTIVITYGRAM® Physical Activity Recall For both assessments, children enter their own information into a computer.

80. © McGraw-Hill Higher Education. All rights reserved. FITNESSGRAM® Physical Activity Questionnaire Three questions: –Aerobic activity –Strength activity –Flexibility activity

81. © McGraw-Hill Higher Education. All rights reserved. Aerobic Activity Question “On how many of the past 7 days did you participate in physical activity for a total of 30-60 minutes or more over the course of the day? This includes moderate activities (walking, slow bicycling, or outdoor play) as well as vigorous activities (jogging, active games, or active sports such as basketball, tennis, or soccer).” 01234567 (circle one)

82. © McGraw-Hill Higher Education. All rights reserved. Strength Activity Question “On how many of the past 7 days did you do exercise to strengthen your muscles? This includes exercises such as push-ups, sit-ups, or weight lifting.” “On how many of the past 7 days did you do exercise to strengthen your muscles? This includes exercises such as push-ups, sit-ups, or weight lifting.” 01234567 (circle one)

83. © McGraw-Hill Higher Education. All rights reserved. Flexibility Activity Question “On how many of the past 7 days did you do stretching exercises to loosen up or relax your muscles? This includes exercises such as toe touches, knee bending, or leg stretching.” “On how many of the past 7 days did you do stretching exercises to loosen up or relax your muscles? This includes exercises such as toe touches, knee bending, or leg stretching.” 01234567 (circle one)

84. © McGraw-Hill Higher Education. All rights reserved. Physical Activity Assessment Issues Prepare students before the recall period by educating them about different types of activity and about how to estimate the time spent in activity. Emphasize that activity accumulates. A “total of 30-60 minutes” does not all have to occur at once. Including activity assessment will provide additional individualized feedback on FITNESSGRAM® report.

85. © McGraw-Hill Higher Education. All rights reserved. ACTIVITYGRAM® Physical Activity Recall Requires children to recall their physical activity for the previous day. A computerized version of the Previous Day Physical Activity Recall (PDPAR) is used. Child enters activity for previous day in 30- minute blocks. Choose from among list of activities and then estimate intensity of activity. –Light activity –Moderate activity –Vigorous activity 2 to 3 days of assessment are recommended.

86. © McGraw-Hill Higher Education. All rights reserved. Healthy Activity Zone 3 bouts of activity per day for children. 2 bouts of activity per day for adolescents. Report provides time profile so students and parents can see when child can be more active, if needed.

87. © McGraw-Hill Higher Education. All rights reserved. Usefulness of Activity Assessment Validity of using questionnaires to assess physical activity in children is questionable. It is still important to assess physical activity. Assessment of physical activity emphasizes the importance of being physically active.

88. © McGraw-Hill Higher Education. All rights reserved. President’s Challenge Physical Activity Assessment New Presidential Active Lifestyle Award. –To encourage all children to adopt physically active lifestyles. –Recognizes people who are physically active nearly every day. Requirements: –Be active a minimum of 5 days per week for 6 weeks. Activities must be recorded each day on a log sheet. Accumulate 60 minutes of physical activity per day. –Use pedometer to assess steps per day. Boys: 13,000 steps per day Girls: 11,000 steps per day

89. © McGraw-Hill Higher Education. All rights reserved. Formative Evaluation of Chapter Objectives Identify the general tests that compose a motor fitness test. Identify the general tests that compose a health-related battery. Differentiate between motor fitness and health-related fitness batteries. Identify and evaluate the national youth fitness programs. Understand how to administer the FITNESSGRAM® test battery to evaluate youth fitness and physical activity. Understand how to administer the President’s Challenge test batteries to evaluate youth fitness and physical activity.

90. © McGraw-Hill Higher Education. All rights reserved. Chapter 13 Evaluating Youth Fitness and Physical Activity