1. 1 ST AMENDMENT RESTRICTIONS DECEMBER 12, 2014

2. JUNE 1917 – ESPIONAGE ACT – POSTAL SERVICE ALLOWED TO BAN TREASONABLE OR SEDITIOUS NEWSPAPERS, MAGAZINES, & PRINTED MATERIALS FROM MAIL TREASON: AGAINST COUNTRY/ GOV’T SEDITIOUS: INCITE PEOPLE TO REBEL No obstruct Army recruiter No aid to enemy (Germany) No interfere with war effort (i.e. strike) PUNISHMENT: $10,000 fine/ 20 yrs. Prison 1918 – SEDITION ACT – AGAINST THE LAW TO USE DISLOYAL, PROFANE, SCURRILOUS, OR ABUSIVE LANGUAGE ABOUT GOV’T, CONSTITUTION, OR MILITARY Scurrilous: slander Spread lies about someone to cause harm

3. Gov’t prosecute: – Socialists – Political radicals – Pacifists Socialist: classless society – RADICAL: communism Eugene V. Debs: leader of Socialist Party of America – Imprisoned for anti-war speech 1919: Schenck v. United States Charles Schenck distribute pamphlets urging men to resist draft – Arrested under Espionage Act Argue: against 1 st amendment DECISION: in times of war, gov’t may place reasonable limitations on freedom of speech to protect nation

4. Germans discriminated No language/ history in school No Beethoven/ no hamburgers (liberty steak) To prove loyalty, Germans: – Condemn German gov’t – Give up speaking German Women Prior to War: Try to get VOTE During War: focus on war – Women take jobs left by men in military Ammunition, Railroad, farms, nurses (war) 1919: Congress pass 19 th amendment – Women get right to VOTE (1920) African Americans 367,000 serve in military (segregated) Great Migration: over 1.2 million African Americans move from NORTH to SOUTH

5. PUSH FROM SOUTH 1.Violent racism in South 2.Jim Crow Laws (segregate) 3.Low paying jobs 4.Not many jobs (bull weevil infest) PULL FROM NORTH 1.BETTER JOBS IN NORTH (JOB OPENINGS) 2.MORE $$$$ (FACTORIES) 3.HELP FROM AFRICAN AMERICANS ALREADY IN NORTH