1. PRECALCULUS I EXPONENTIAL & LOG MODELS Dr. Claude S. Moore Danville Community College

2. FIVE COMMON TYPES OF MATHEMATICAL MODELS 1. Exponential Growth 2. Exponential Decay 3. Gaussian Model 4. Logistics Growth 5. Logarithmic Model

3. 1. EXPONENTIAL GROWTH Find the annual rate (%) for a $10,000 investment to double in 5 years with continuous compounding. A = P e rt with P = 10000, A = 20000, t = 5 20000 = 10000e r(5) or 2 = e 5r ln 2 = ln e 5r gives ln 2 = 5r(ln e) = 5r r = (ln 2)/5 = 0.1386 or r is 13.9%.

4. 2. EXPONENTIAL DECAY The half life of carbon 14 is 5730 years. Find the equation y = a e bx if a = 3 grams. 0.5(3) = 3 e b(5730) or 0.5 = e 5730b ln 0.5 = ln e 5730b gives ln 0.5 = 5730b(ln e) = 5730b b = (ln 0.5)/5730 = -0.12097 Thus the equation is y = 3 e -0.12097x.

5. EXPONENTIAL EQUATION 3. Write the exponential equation of the line that passes through (0,5) and (4,1). The equation is of the form y = a e bx. (0,5) yields 5 = a e b(0) or 5 = a e 0 or a = 5. (4,1) yields 1 = 5 e b(4) or 0.2 = e b(4) ln 0.2 = ln e 4b gives ln 0.2 = 4b(ln e) = 4b b = (ln 0.2)/4 = -0.402359 Thus the equation is y = 5 e -0.402359x.

6. BACTERIA GROWTH 4. The number of bacteria N is given by the model N = 250 e kt with t in hours. If N = 280 when t = 10, estimate time for bacteria to double. The point (10,280) yields 280 = 250 e b(10) 1.12 = e 10b or ln 1.12 = ln e 10b ln 1.12 = 10b(ln e) = 10b b = (ln 1.12)/10 = 0.0113329 Thus the equation is y = 250 e 0.0113329t.

7. TIME OF DEATH 5. The time, t, elapsed since death and the body temperature, T, at room temperature of 70 degrees is given by If the body temperature at 9:00 a.m. was 85.7 degrees, estimate time of death.

8. TIME OF DEATH concluded 5. If the body temperature at 9:00 a.m. was 85.7 degrees, estimate time of death. t = -2.5 ln 0.54895 = 1.499 or t = 1.5 hrs So time of death was 1.5 hrs before 9 a.m Thus the time of death was 7:30 a.m.

9. Study and Learn before time runs OUT.