3. Wilson boarded the George Washington and headed for Paris. * Wilson was the first president to cross the Atlantic while in office. Wilson left December 4, 1918

4. Woodrow Wilson’s program for World Peace!

5. Points 1-9 dealt with self-determination. One might ask what is self- determination? Well? Definition: It is the right of people to govern themselves.

6. They dealt with what Wilson considered the causes of modern war: 1. Secret diplomacy 2. The arms race 3. Violations of freedom of the sea. 4. Trade barriers

7. This was at the heart of Wilson’s program Wilson developed a League of Nations

11. Germany’s colonies and the Ottoman Empire (Turkey) were divided among the Allied nations. A mandate system required the new colonial rulers to report on their administration to the League of Nations. It created new nations: Czechoslovakia and Yugoslavia

12. The treaty proved to be a bitter pill for Germany and the German people. Germany lost its colonies, they lost control of the Saar (area rich in coal and iron), they were disarmed and had to pay war reparations Hard to swallow! What they lost?

14. Wilson faced opposition of the treaty in the Senate. Two groups opposed the Treaty: Irreconcilables and Reservationists Irreconcilables – would have nothing to do with the League of Nations. Reservationists – Said they would support the treaty is the League Covenant were amended.

15. Wilson and Lodge hated each other. Lodge was the head of the Reservationists.

16. It seemed to commit the U.S. to go to war in defense of any League member that came under attack. Wilson would not compromise. On September 25 1919 Wilson finished a speech in Pueblo Colorado Following the speech he complained of a head ache and would eventually collapse from a near fatal stroke.

17. The Treaty of Versailles was never ratified by the U.S. Senate.