1. Robust and Efficient Control of an Induction Machine for an Electric Vehicle Arbin Ebrahim and Dr. Gregory Murphy University of Alabama

2. Outline  Project Objectives  What is Adaptive Control?  Definition of Adaptive Backstepping  Advantages of Using a Adaptive Backstepping Controller  Problem Formulation  Design Procedures  Project Work Summary

3. Project Objectives  Robust and efficient control of an induction motor for an electric vehicle  Track the speed of an induction motor to a desired reference trajectory under time- varying load torque for an electric vehicle  Robust control of an electric vehicle induction motor under varying changes in the motor parameters.

4. What is an Adaptive Controller?  To invent, design and build systems capable of controlling unknown plants or adapting to unpredictable changes in the environment Learning Mechanisms (Parameter Adaptation) Coordination Mechanisms Plant Adjustable Model Compensation Robust Feedback y x r (t) u

5. ∫ f (x) ∫ ∫ f ' (x) ∫ - u u x x V,V a = Lyapunov Functions x, = State Variables z = Virtual State (x) = Virtual Control u = plant input z δ, ≤ 0, What is Backstepping?  Backstepping is to design a controller for a system recursively by considering some of the state variables as “Virtual Controls” and designing for them intermediate control laws

6. Advantages of Adaptive Backstepping Controller Design Procedure  Both the stability properties and control law can be ensured in this same step  The Control Law can be obtained in steps no greater than the order of the system  In adaptive backstepping unknown plant parameters can be easily dealt with to design control laws  Observers can be easily incorporated in the design procedure to perform observer backstepping

7. Problem Formulation Speed Flux Controller Rotating Stator Frame to Stationary Stator Frame Conversion Speed Controller Flux Command Command - + - + Space Vector Modulation Power Stage IM Flux Estimator Where = Flux component of the Stator Current = Speed component of the Stator Current = Measured Speed of the Motor = Estimated Flux of the motor Time varying Load Torque,, = Measured Stator Currents,, = Applied three phase stator voltages, = Voltages in the rotating stator frame

8. Design Procedure  Modeling-: The equations representing the dynamics of motion of the Induction Motor is derived in the three phase, stationary and rotating stator frame co-ordinates and analyzed for the application of Adaptive Backstepping procedure.  Controller Design-: Flux Controller-: An Observer Backstepping Flux Controller is designed using flux observers to make the estimated flux track a desired reference trajectory to ensure that sufficient torque is delivered to Load Speed Controller-: An Adaptive Backstepping Speed Controller is designed to make the measured speed of the motor track a desired reference trajectory under varying Load Torque Conditions  Simulation-: The adaptive controllers designed are simulated in the Simulink environment to verify the results

9. Design Procedure……………………Continued  Hardware Implementation-: The Adaptive Controllers developed are verified in real time using an Induction Motor tied to a varying load. The results are observed and conclusions made

10. Project Work Summary  Model the Induction Motor in the stationary and rotating stator frames so that Vector Control can be applied to develop a speed controller as well as a flux contoller  Apply adaptive backstepping procedure to develop a speed controller for the motor speed to track a desired reference speed under time varying load conditions  Design flux observers to estimate the flux and design an observer based backstepping controller for the flux to track a desired reference trajectory so that sufficient torque can be supplied to the Load  Develop a modular design in Simulink environment for the motor models, observer models, controller models, and etc for simulation  Implement real-time controller application to an Induction Motor for verifying and comparing the simulation results to the real-time results; to make conclusions and recommendations on future research