1. Computer Vision Detecting the existence, pose and position of known objects within an image Michael Horne, Philip Sterne (Supervisor)

2. Background Computer vision is a diverse field –Many schools of thought Many different ways of achieving –Monocular –Stereoscopic (quite popular)

3. Problem Statment Recognize objects within a single image –Cutting down the total information in the images –Extracting and building up useful subset –Using that information to recognize objects Model Based system –System already knows of objects

4. System structure Image capture and segmentation –Pre-process image –Extract useful information Matching –Find links between image and objects known to the system Pose Solution –Use the matches to estimate the position and orientation of the object

5. Image Segmentation Feature extraction –Images have lots of information –What features are of interest? –Edges are definitive attributes of objects –Corners can easily be matched against

6. Image Segmentation Gaussian filter is applied to reduce noise –Noise adds complexity, but no useful information. Canny Edge detector is applied to extract edges

7. Image Segmentation Arbitrary shaped edges are converted into straight line segments.

8. Similar Geometries Need image data to be represented in a similar way to the object model Objects are stored as wireframes Image data converted to a wireframe like form.

9. Matching To estimate a pose we find correspondences with corners Classification problem –Which object to match? –Or what data to match to which objects? (Multiple object case) Complex problem Random Sample Consensus approach

10. Matching Take only the minimum amount of image data needed to estimate a solution But do it at random Then test the validity of the estimation

11. Pose Estimation Now using the correspondences Algorithm based on POSIT –A quick method –In tune with the RANSAC approach POSIT –Scaled orthographic projection model

12. Pose Estimation POSIT –Minimum correspondences is four –Will solve regardless correctness Validation is necessary

13. Pose Estimation Checking need to be rapid Various levels of verification –Object must not be skewed in making the four points of the object to the image points. –Distance to estimated position must be minimal Estimations that pass undergo further checking

14. Pose Estimation Next step is to project object over image –Number of matches is expanded. –All forward facing vertices are checked for a corresponding image point Also the geometries are verified

15. Pose Estimation Goodness ratio = corner ratio * edge ratio –General means of judging the fitted model –The higher the ratio, the better the fit Model fitting with the best ratio is chosen

16. Final End result

17. Multiple objects After each model is fitted the points used are marked as used –Independence of objects The matching process restarts

18. Results Tests were setup for a set of four different objects Varying degrees of symmetry Images of various poses were captured Varying difficulty, degenerate poses to definitive 85% success in estimating pose of single objects

19. Other examples 1 23

20. Multiple Objects Multiple objects solved