1. Copyright, Corey E. Miller, 2002, 2003 1 Chapter Seventeen : Sexual Coercion, Harassment, Assault, Aggression, and Abuse

2. Copyright, Corey E. Miller, 2002, 2003 2 Sexual Harassment Refers to 2 types of behavior: – the abuse of power for sexual ends – creation of a hostile environment Gender Harassment Unwanted Sexual Attention

3. Copyright, Corey E. Miller, 2002, 2003 3 Harassment in School and College Elementary and high school harassment - roots of sexual harassment are found in what children learn from their peers at school –85% of girls and 76% of boys College harassment - major concern in recent years –20 – 50% of women –9 – 20% of men

4. Copyright, Corey E. Miller, 2002, 2003 4 Anti-Gay/Lesbian Harassment, Prejudice, and Discrimination Heterosexual bias – Heterosexism – tendency to see the world in heterosexual terms and to ignore or devalue homosexuality Homophobia – irrational or phobic fear of gay men and lesbians

5. Copyright, Corey E. Miller, 2002, 2003 5 Anti-Gay/Lesbian Harassment, Prejudice, and Discrimination Discrimination and antidiscrimination laws –Cincinnati has law opposing “special rights” for sexual orientation –Sodomy laws often include oral sex as well –Adoption by Gays (American Academy of Pediatricians) –Defense of Marriage Act (1996) defines marriage as only between a man and a woman –Constitution Full Faith and Credit clause Violence against gay men and lesbians –Heterosexuals tend to have more negative attitudes toward gays of their own sex than those of the other sex

6. Copyright, Corey E. Miller, 2002, 2003 6 Sexual Aggression Sexual aggression - sexual activity performed against a person’s will Sexual coercion - arguing, pleading, and cajoling, as well as force and threat of force Sexual assault - forced sexual contact that does not necessarily include rape –Sodomy, objects

7. Copyright, Corey E. Miller, 2002, 2003 7 Rape Penile-vaginal penetration against a person’s will through the use or threat of force Rape is not only an act but also a threat Specific type of Sexual Assault or Coercion Male Rape should more appropriately be called sexual assault

8. Copyright, Corey E. Miller, 2002, 2003 8 Sexual Assault 1.Is An act of violence 2.Is About power 3.Is Degrading 4.Affects all Women 5.Affects all Men 6.Community issue

9. Copyright, Corey E. Miller, 2002, 2003 9 Male Assault Victims Estimates of 5% - 10% of assaults –Or 1 in 12 men –Typically Male on Male (86%)

10. Copyright, Corey E. Miller, 2002, 2003 10 Prevalence of Assault (Laumann et al. 1994) Forced to have sex by a man –22% of females –1.3% of males 2.8% of men admitted to forcing a woman to have sex Rohypnol Alcohol or drugs involved in assault –70% of women had been drinking or taking drugs –71% of men had been drinking or taking drugs –90% of Assaults one of the parties had been drinking

11. Copyright, Corey E. Miller, 2002, 2003 11 The Aftermath of Assault African American Women less likely to report Assault and seek help Rape trauma syndrome –Depression, anxiety, restlessness, guilt Posttraumatic stress disorder (PTSD) –31% of Victims Effects on sexuality

12. Copyright, Corey E. Miller, 2002, 2003 12 Additional Assault Statistics 43% of Assaults occur near survivor’s home 19% occur in or near home of friend of survivor 18% on the street 29 % of rapists were strangers –LOWER percentage for college women Women 16-19 are at highest risk A woman is sexually assaulted every 2 minutes in America

13. Copyright, Corey E. Miller, 2002, 2003 13 The Legal System Evidence = vaginal and rectal swabs for semen, hairs, vaginal bruising Medical Exam in ER –Montgomery and Greene County have no qualified female ER M.D.s –Often physicians hate to deal with case Low likelihood of conviction Prosecuting attorneys commonly most like to see Married Men as Jurors

14. Copyright, Corey E. Miller, 2002, 2003 14 On Campus Increase in Assaults on campus 5-6 weeks after start of classes in Fall –Typically older male and First Year Female –Party w/ alcohol

15. Copyright, Corey E. Miller, 2002, 2003 15 Helping Survivors 1.Believe Them 2.Not His or Her Fault 3.Don’t Take control 1.Support them in their decisions 4.LISTEN 5.NEVER BLAME 6.Recognize that you’ve been assaulted too 7.Seek help for yourself 8.DON’T play counselor

16. Copyright, Corey E. Miller, 2002, 2003 16 Child Sexual Abuse Who is most likely to be perpetrator? –Stepfather –Father –Brother –Uncle Studies are conflicting

17. Copyright, Corey E. Miller, 2002, 2003 17 Children at Risk Female children –1/3 Females and 1/5 Males under 18 are sexual abuse victims Preadolescent children Children with absent or unavailable parents Children whose relationships with parents are poor Children whose parents are in conflict Children who live with a stepfather

18. Copyright, Corey E. Miller, 2002, 2003 18 Effects of Child Sexual Abuse Initial effects: –emotional disturbances –physical consequences –sexual disturbances (Traumatic sexualization) –social disturbances

19. Copyright, Corey E. Miller, 2002, 2003 19 Effects of Child Sexual Abuse Long-term effects: –depression –self-destructive tendencies –somatic disturbances and dissociation –negative self-concept –interpersonal relationship difficulties –revictimization –sexual problems

20. Copyright, Corey E. Miller, 2002, 2003 20 Sexual Abuse Trauma Traumatic sexualization Betrayal Powerlessness Stigmatization

21. Copyright, Corey E. Miller, 2002, 2003 21 Preventing Sexual Abuse Child abuse prevention programs aimed at 3 audiences: –children –parents –professionals

22. Copyright, Corey E. Miller, 2002, 2003 22 The Boylove Manifesto “We demand that current standards of sexuality are reconsidered. These standards infringe upon basic human rights, because they prohibit children and those who love them from even thinking about engaging in any sexual intimacy.” “We demand that any medical, psychological or religious notions which are preconceived against child sexuality, be exempted from a discussion about new standards.”

23. Copyright, Corey E. Miller, 2002, 2003 23 The Boylove Manifesto “At this point, the ‘experts’ are people who gained their knowledge about intergenerational relationships from books and statistics. It sounds incredible: there are people who are defending the best interests of an age group and they haven’t even bothered to ask members of this age group if this representation is desirable, or in their best interests.”

24. Copyright, Corey E. Miller, 2002, 2003 24 Signs of Child Abuse Bedwetting Change in school performance STDs Fear and phobias Reluctance to be let alone with particular person Excessive masturbation Acting more infantile Bleeding or discharge from Rectum or Vagina Sore or swollen genital areas Stained underpants Pain on urination Age inappropriate sexual matters Running away Self-destructive behavior

25. Copyright, Corey E. Miller, 2002, 2003 25 Prevention Talk and listen to your child Teach about good and bad touches –www.redflaggreenflag.comwww.redflaggreenflag.com Teach proper terminology Teach them no one is to touch their private areas Adults might try to touch them inappropriately – even adults they know NEVER keep secrets from parents – even if threatened