2. Mystery of the Matching Marks

3. 2

4. DO I HAVE YOUR ATTENTION? For some reason, a GUNSHOT seems to suggest a CRIME SCENE… with BULLETS … and BULLET MARKS …

5. 4 How are these marks used to solve crimes?

6. 5 RIGHT! They are used to COMPARE bullets found at a crime scene, with bullets that were fired from suspect guns

7. 6 Here are the marks from a crime scene bullet…

8. 7 and here are the marks from bullets fired from four possible suspect guns… AB CD

9. 8 Which bullet matches the crime scene bullet? A Crime Scene:

10. 9 B Which bullet matches the crime scene bullet?

11. 10 C Crime Scene: Which bullet matches the crime scene bullet?

12. 11 D Crime Scene: Which bullet matches the crime scene bullet?

13. 12 RIGHT! It’s a bullet shot from gun C. So what does that tell us? C Crime Scene:

14. 13 YOU’VE GOT IT! The Crime Scene bullet and bullet C came from the SAME GUN ! C Crime Scene: We could say the bullets had a “Common Origin”

15. Many studies have told us that when any two items with COMPLEX PATTERNS MATCH EACH OTHER perfectly, we can be confident that they had a… COMMON ORIGIN !

16. KEEP THIS IN MIND: When we find other COMPLEX PATTERNS that MATCH, What does this tell us? They had a… “COMMON ORIGIN” This is our theme: Matching Complex Patterns = COMMON ORIGIN

17. What is this?

18. Right, it’s a HUMAN KARYOTYPE

19. A Human Karyotype has photos of all the matched pairs of human chromosomes from one cell, stained to show banding patterns, and arranged from long to short, with centromeres near the top. Here are our numbers 6-9…

20. On the next slide, you will see another kind of human karyotype: It has diagrams of the chromosomes, with only one member of each pair, clearly showing their banding patterns…

22. And on the next slide, you will see a similar diagrammatic karyotype, but this is from a NON-HUMAN SPECIES…

24. 23 NEXT, we wll see both karyotypes together, showing the matching chromosomes side by side: each human chromosome is on the left… each NON-human chromosome is on the right As you COMPARE the CHROMOSOMES, side-by-side, what is MOST surprising?

25. 24 What is most surprising?

26. 25 Did you notice how very SIMILAR they are? Here’s a closer look at the first seven: Any identical ones? What did we say about items with IDENTICAL COMPLEX PATTERNS?

27. 26 RIGHT! Identical Patterns = COMMON ORIGIN How would this apply to two different SPECIES with IDENTICAL banding patterns on their CHROMOSOMES? RIGHT! They MUST have a Common Origin, or a COMMON ANCESTOR !

28. 27 Time for a Revelation… The clear chromosome evidence of identical banding patterns tells us that humans and chimpanzees must have had a… The non-human species is the CHIMPANZEE

29. 28 Somewhere, in our distant past, there was an ape-like species that gave rise to two lines of ancestry. One branch led to modern CHIMPS, the other branch led to HUMANS. COMMON ANCESTOR ! DNA analysis and fossils tell us that this split was around 6-7 million years ago (6-7 mya ) <--- Common Ancestor Chimps Us 6 mya NOW

30. 29 That’s pretty strong stuff... And seems to conflict with Traditional Views! Is there any other evidence that supports this conclusion? Let’s take another look at those chromosomes… [next set of slides]