1. THE NEED FOR ELECTIONS Election is a mechanism by which people can choose their representatives at regular intervals and change them if they wish to do so. Election is a mechanism by which people can choose their representatives at regular intervals and change them if they wish to do so. We need elections because of the following reasons:- We need elections because of the following reasons:- All the people in the country cannot sit together everyday and make decisions. All the people in the country cannot sit together everyday and make decisions. It is also possible that every person in the country must not have the same knowledge and time to take decisions on all matters.. It is also possible that every person in the country must not have the same knowledge and time to take decisions on all matters.. So by elections people choose representatives who will make laws and take decisions for them. So by elections people choose representatives who will make laws and take decisions for them. Also, elections offer many choices to voters such as:- Also, elections offer many choices to voters such as:- They can choose who will make laws for them. They can choose who will make laws for them. They can choose who will form the government and take major decisions. They can choose who will form the government and take major decisions. They can choose the party whose policies will guide the government and law making. They can choose the party whose policies will guide the government and law making. They can remove the party and leaders from whom they are not satisfied. They can remove the party and leaders from whom they are not satisfied. 1

2. KINDS OF ELECTIONS 2 KINDS 2 KINDS DIRECT ELECTION-CITZENS DIRECTLY ELECT THEIR REP.S TO THE LEGISLATURES DIRECT ELECTION-CITZENS DIRECTLY ELECT THEIR REP.S TO THE LEGISLATURES PARLIMENT MEMBERS AND SATE ASSEBLIES ARE ELECTED IN THIS MANNER PARLIMENT MEMBERS AND SATE ASSEBLIES ARE ELECTED IN THIS MANNER INDIRECT – PEOPLE ELECT INTERMEDIARY, THEN ELECT MEMBERS OF THE LEGISTATURE. THE RAJYA SABHA MEMBERS, THE PRESIDENT AND THE VICE PRESIDENT ARE ELECTED IN THIS MANNER INDIRECT – PEOPLE ELECT INTERMEDIARY, THEN ELECT MEMBERS OF THE LEGISTATURE. THE RAJYA SABHA MEMBERS, THE PRESIDENT AND THE VICE PRESIDENT ARE ELECTED IN THIS MANNER 2

6. 6

8. 8 Election Commission of India URL : www.eci.gov.in

9. 9 Electoral Administration - Framework Election Commission of India – The Indian Constitution provides for its creation. Election Commission of India – The Indian Constitution provides for its creation. Appointment of CEC and ECs Appointment of CEC and ECs Right to vote to all above 18 years of age Right to vote to all above 18 years of age Bicameral Composition of Parliament Bicameral Composition of Parliament Composition of State Legislatures Composition of State Legislatures Delimitation of constituencies after each census Delimitation of constituencies after each census Duration of each House Duration of each House

10. 10 Election Commission of India – Constitutional Provision Article 324 (1) - The superintendence, direction and control of the preparation of the electoral rolls for, and the conduct of, all elections to Parliament and to the Legislature of every State and of elections to the offices of President and Vice-President held under this Constitution shall be vested in the Election Commission.

11. 11 A Multi-Member Commission – Constitutional Position Article 324 (2) – The Election Commission shall consist of the Chief Election Commissioner and such number of other Election Commissioners, if any, as the President may from time to time fix and the appointment of the Chief Election Commissioner and other Election Commissioners shall, subject to the provisions of any law made in that behalf by Parliament, be made by the President. Article 324 (3) – When any other Election Commissioner is so appointed the Chief Election Commissioner shall act as the Chairman of the Election Commission.

12. 12 A Multi-Member Commission From Jan 1950 to mid Oct 1989 – A single Member Commission headed by a Chief Election Commissioner. From Jan 1950 to mid Oct 1989 – A single Member Commission headed by a Chief Election Commissioner. (Argument put forward was that decisions need to be taken expeditiously when election process is on. And, a single member Commission would be more suited for it) (Argument put forward was that decisions need to be taken expeditiously when election process is on. And, a single member Commission would be more suited for it) From Oct 16, 1989 till Dec 1989 – It was a Three Member Commission. From Oct 16, 1989 till Dec 1989 – It was a Three Member Commission. From Jan 1990 to Sep 1993 – A Single Member Commission. From Jan 1990 to Sep 1993 – A Single Member Commission. From Oct 1993 till today – A Three Member Commission. From Oct 1993 till today – A Three Member Commission. (The Chief Election Commissioner and Two Election Commissioners) (The Chief Election Commissioner and Two Election Commissioners)

13. 13 Conditions of Service The CEC and the ECs placed at par in matters of salary and allowances and it is the same as that of a judge of Supreme Court. The CEC and the ECs placed at par in matters of salary and allowances and it is the same as that of a judge of Supreme Court. Tenure of CEC and ECs fixed as 6 years subject to the maximum age limit of 65 years. Tenure of CEC and ECs fixed as 6 years subject to the maximum age limit of 65 years. The CEC and ECs all have equal powers in matters of decision making. The CEC and ECs all have equal powers in matters of decision making. In case of difference, decisions are taken by opinion of majority. In case of difference, decisions are taken by opinion of majority. The Commission takes all the elections by consensus. The Commission takes all the elections by consensus. The CEC shall not be removed from his office except in the like manner and on the like grounds as a judge of the Supreme Court. The CEC shall not be removed from his office except in the like manner and on the like grounds as a judge of the Supreme Court. Service conditions cannot be varied to his disadvantage after his appointment. Service conditions cannot be varied to his disadvantage after his appointment. The ECs cannot be removed except on the CEC’s recommendation. The ECs cannot be removed except on the CEC’s recommendation.

14. 14 Commission’s Secretariat Deputy Election Commissioners – 03 Deputy Election Commissioners – 03 Directors(Admn. And IT) – 01 Directors(Admn. And IT) – 01 Secretaries (Zonals and Specifics)– 10 Secretaries (Zonals and Specifics)– 10 Under Secretaries – 12 Under Secretaries – 12 Jt Director + OSD (IT) – 02 Jt Director + OSD (IT) – 02 Assistant Director (Stats.) – 02 Assistant Director (Stats.) – 02 Section Officers – 33 Section Officers – 33 Assistants & others – 275 Assistants & others – 275

15. 15 Election Machinery in States Chief Electoral Officers – 35 Chief Electoral Officers – 35 District Election Officers – 601 District Election Officers – 601 Returning Officers (Parliament) – 543 Returning Officers (Parliament) – 543 Returning Officers (Assembly) – 4120 Returning Officers (Assembly) – 4120 Asstt. Returning Officers (Parliament) – 4600 Asstt. Returning Officers (Parliament) – 4600 Asstt. Returning Officers (Assembly) – 10,000 Asstt. Returning Officers (Assembly) – 10,000 Electoral Registration Officers – 4120 Electoral Registration Officers – 4120 Asstt. Electoral Registration Officers - 4800 Asstt. Electoral Registration Officers - 4800

16. 16 Right to Vote Any citizen over 18 can vote can vote Any citizen over 18 can vote can vote Voting right denied to certain class of people: Voting right denied to certain class of people: –criminal convicts of certain class –person convicted of electoral offence –person of unsound mind –There is no compulsion to vote Voting statistics Voting statistics –57.94% in 1996 –61.97% in 1998 –59.01% in 1999 –58.07% in 2004

17. 17 Scale of Operation Recognized National Parties – 06 Recognized National Parties – 06 Recognized State Parties – 45 Recognized State Parties – 45 Registered Unrecognized Parties – 702 Registered Unrecognized Parties – 702 Polling Stations – 687,000 Polling Stations – 687,000 Electorate – Nearly 671 million Electorate – Nearly 671 million Turn out – Nearly 389 million Turn out – Nearly 389 million Staff deployed on Poll Day (Presiding Officers, Polling Officers and helpers) – Nearly 4 million Staff deployed on Poll Day (Presiding Officers, Polling Officers and helpers) – Nearly 4 million Security personnel deployed – Nearly 2.5 million Security personnel deployed – Nearly 2.5 million Approximate direct cost – INR 13000 million (USD 280 million) Approximate direct cost – INR 13000 million (USD 280 million)

18. 18 Transaction of Business Regular meetings Regular meetings Circulation of papers Circulation of papers Consultation and informal discussions Consultation and informal discussions All Election Commissioners have equal say All Election Commissioners have equal say Delegation of some executive functions to officers Delegation of some executive functions to officers

19. 19 Division of work Functional and territorial divisions Functional and territorial divisions Functional Functional –Planning –Judicial –Administration –Information Systems –Media –Secretarial Coordination Territorial - States and UTs divided into 6 zones (North, North- East, East. Central, West, South) Territorial - States and UTs divided into 6 zones (North, North- East, East. Central, West, South)

20. 20 Budget and Expenditure Voted budget Voted budget Independent Budget finalised in consultation with Finance Ministry Independent Budget finalised in consultation with Finance Ministry Funds for Conduct of elections reflected in the budget of States/UTs Funds for Conduct of elections reflected in the budget of States/UTs Only Parliament election - Funded entirely by Centre Only Parliament election - Funded entirely by Centre Only Assembly election - Funded by the State Only Assembly election - Funded by the State Simultaneous election - Expenses shared equally Simultaneous election - Expenses shared equally Expenditure on capital equipment shared equally Expenditure on capital equipment shared equally Expenditure on electoral rolls, PICs also shared equally Expenditure on electoral rolls, PICs also shared equally

21. 21 When Elections take place? Term of Parliament & Assembly - 5years (except J & K Assembly where it is 6 years) Term of Parliament & Assembly - 5years (except J & K Assembly where it is 6 years) House can be dissolved before its term ends House can be dissolved before its term ends Dates decided by the Commission. No consultation done with any Government Dates decided by the Commission. No consultation done with any Government Commission can call for elections six months prior to the date on which normal tenure of Assembly or Parliament expires. Commission can call for elections six months prior to the date on which normal tenure of Assembly or Parliament expires. 14 General elections since 1952. 14 General elections since 1952. Bye-elections when a seat falls vacant. Normally held within 6- months of vacancy. No Bye-elections if vacancy for less than one year Bye-elections when a seat falls vacant. Normally held within 6- months of vacancy. No Bye-elections if vacancy for less than one year

22. 22 Scheduling of Elections No more than 6-month gap between last session of Parliament/Assembly and recalling of new House No more than 6-month gap between last session of Parliament/Assembly and recalling of new House Elections to fall within this period Elections to fall within this period Number of considerations in scheduling: Number of considerations in scheduling: –Weather –Law & order –Movement of Central police forces –Agricultural cycles –Festivals –Exam schedules –Public holidays –Logistical requirements

23. 23 Who can Contest? Any citizen over 25 years for Lok Sabha & Vidhan Sabha Any citizen over 25 years for Lok Sabha & Vidhan Sabha Any citizen over 30 years for Rajya sabha & Vidhan Parishad Any citizen over 30 years for Rajya sabha & Vidhan Parishad For Lok Sabha & Rajya Sabha candidate- registered voter in any state For Lok Sabha & Rajya Sabha candidate- registered voter in any state For Vidhan Sabha & Vidhan Parishad- registered voter only in that state For Vidhan Sabha & Vidhan Parishad- registered voter only in that state Candidate should not be convicted or disqualified otherwise Candidate should not be convicted or disqualified otherwise Security deposit: Security deposit: –Rs.10,000/ for Lok Sabha –Rs. 5000/- for Rajya Sabha, Vidhan Sabha & Vidhan Parishad –SC & ST candidates pay half the amount –Deposit returned if candidate secures more than 1/6th of valid votes Nominations need to be proposed by electors: Nominations need to be proposed by electors: –one for candidate of national/state party –ten for others

24. 24 The Contestants 7 days for filing nominations 7 days for filing nominations Scrutiny a day following the last date for nominations Scrutiny a day following the last date for nominations Thereafter 2 days provided for withdrawal Thereafter 2 days provided for withdrawal Final list prepared after withdrawal Final list prepared after withdrawal 4370 candidates for 543 seats in 1999, 5435 in 2004 (2386 independents) 4370 candidates for 543 seats in 1999, 5435 in 2004 (2386 independents) Average number of contestants: Average number of contestants: –1952 -- 3.8 –1991 -- 16.3 –1996 -- 25.6 –1998 -- 8.75 –1999 -- 8.05 –2004 -- 10.01 Size of deposit increased in1996 Size of deposit increased in1996 Number of electors nominating a candidate increased Number of electors nominating a candidate increased

25. 25 Time and mode of election campaigns Time and mode of election campaigns Campaign period of about 13 days or more Campaign period of about 13 days or more Ends 48 hours before polling closes Ends 48 hours before polling closes Parties issue manifestoes Parties issue manifestoes Slogans, Door-to-door campaigning etc. Slogans, Door-to-door campaigning etc. Posters, meetings, processions etc. Posters, meetings, processions etc.

26. 26 Model Code of Conduct Part IMinimum standards of behaviour Part IMinimum standards of behaviour Part IIPublic meetings Part IIPublic meetings Part IIIProcessions by political parties Part IIIProcessions by political parties Part IVConduct of political parties Part IVConduct of political parties Part VConduct on poll day Part VConduct on poll day Part VIHandling of complaints Part VIHandling of complaints Part VIIParties in Power Part VIIParties in Power

27. 27 Checks on Party in Power No official tour with campaigning No official tour with campaigning Bar on use of official vehicle/aircraft Bar on use of official vehicle/aircraft Equal opportunity for use of public places for meetings, stay etc Equal opportunity for use of public places for meetings, stay etc No ads on public expense No ads on public expense No announcement or promise of new schemes No announcement or promise of new schemes No new financial sanctions No new financial sanctions No fresh appointments No fresh appointments

28. 28 Voter Education - I By EC By EC Fund provided to CEOs to give Newspaper inserts, radio jingles, television spots, Banners, posters and produce literature Fund provided to CEOs to give Newspaper inserts, radio jingles, television spots, Banners, posters and produce literature In rural areas – drum beating, chaupal (village assemblies) etc In rural areas – drum beating, chaupal (village assemblies) etc Electoral Rolls displayed and read in local bodies like Gram Sabhas and Resident’s Welfare Associations etc. Electoral Rolls displayed and read in local bodies like Gram Sabhas and Resident’s Welfare Associations etc. To enable voters to make an informed choice To enable voters to make an informed choice - All candidates are required to declare their criminal past, educational qualifications, assets and liabilities etc.- Affidavits filed displayed publicly and also put on the EC website. - All candidates are required to declare their criminal past, educational qualifications, assets and liabilities etc.- Affidavits filed displayed publicly and also put on the EC website. Efforts on to make information on poll expenses public. Efforts on to make information on poll expenses public.

29. 29 Voter Education - II By NGOs By NGOs NGOs are encouraged to educate voters NGOs are encouraged to educate voters A number of Election Watch Groups played a positive roll in 2004 elections A number of Election Watch Groups played a positive roll in 2004 elections One industry gr. also helped in putting up helplines and kiosks One industry gr. also helped in putting up helplines and kiosks By Political parties and candidates By Political parties and candidates They are the real stake holders and hence play crucial role in voter education They are the real stake holders and hence play crucial role in voter education Advertisements, person to person contacts, meetings, posters are the modes Advertisements, person to person contacts, meetings, posters are the modes By Media By Media Media mature - plays a crucial role Media mature - plays a crucial role

30. 30 Women Participation Women seats Women seats No specific law for reservation of seats as yet No specific law for reservation of seats as yet Political parties expected to put up women candidates in reasonable numbers Political parties expected to put up women candidates in reasonable numbers Facilities on the polling stations Facilities on the polling stations Separate Q for women voters Separate Q for women voters At least one lady officer posted in every polling station At least one lady officer posted in every polling station Lady officer alone can see and verify “pardhanasheen” ladies ( Ladies wearing veils) Lady officer alone can see and verify “pardhanasheen” ladies ( Ladies wearing veils)

31. 31 Limits on Poll Expenses - I Limits on candidates Limits on candidates Lok Sabha - Maximum Rs. 2,500,000 ; Minimum - Rs. 1,000,000. Lok Sabha - Maximum Rs. 2,500,000 ; Minimum - Rs. 1,000,000. Vidhan Sabha- Max. Rs. 1,000,000; Min. - Rs. 500,000. Vidhan Sabha- Max. Rs. 1,000,000; Min. - Rs. 500,000. Commission monitors expenses closely Commission monitors expenses closely –Expenditure Observers –Detailed accounts furnished by candidates within 30 days of declaration of election results Limits on politicasl parties Political parties and supporters till recently could spend as much as they wanted in the campaign in addition Political parties and supporters till recently could spend as much as they wanted in the campaign in addition Political parties will file their annual income statements before the Commission Political parties will file their annual income statements before the Commission

32. 32 Limits on Poll Expenses-II Expenses that are exempted Expenses that are exempted No expenses except the travel expenses on upto 40 national leaders of a recognised party and 20 of registered/unrecognised parties are exempted No expenses except the travel expenses on upto 40 national leaders of a recognised party and 20 of registered/unrecognised parties are exempted Expenses made by well wishers, friends and relatives of the candidates are now added to the candidate’s expenditure Expenses made by well wishers, friends and relatives of the candidates are now added to the candidate’s expenditure Expenses incurred by the parties to publicise its policies and programmes are not included in the candidate’s expenditure Expenses incurred by the parties to publicise its policies and programmes are not included in the candidate’s expenditure

33. 33 Electronic Media Arrangement between Prasar Bharti and Election Commission Arrangement between Prasar Bharti and Election Commission Free time on AIR and Doordarshan to National and State parties Free time on AIR and Doordarshan to National and State parties Political parties can reach out to every corner Political parties can reach out to every corner Ensures level playing field Ensures level playing field 63 hours given during GE 1999, -- hours during GE 2004 63 hours given during GE 1999, -- hours during GE 2004 Indirect State funding Indirect State funding Now being extended to the Private Channels Now being extended to the Private Channels

34. 34 Preparation for Elections - Mobilisation of the Staff Drawn from various Central and State Government departments - no private individual associated Drawn from various Central and State Government departments - no private individual associated Staff on deputation with the Commission Staff on deputation with the Commission Staff subject to Commission’ disciplinary control Staff subject to Commission’ disciplinary control Staff mobilized & deployed by the CEO under Commission’s instruction Staff mobilized & deployed by the CEO under Commission’s instruction

35. 35 Preparation for Elections - Deployment and Training of Staff Staff of various districts and states can be mixed to ensure fairness Staff of various districts and states can be mixed to ensure fairness Staff given nominal honorarium Staff given nominal honorarium Deployment of Government employees keeps expenditure under check, enhances control Deployment of Government employees keeps expenditure under check, enhances control Training – of ROs,EROs & Observers by the EC, of DEOs, Dy DEOs, ROs & EROs by the CEOs and of the Polling staff by the DEOs Training – of ROs,EROs & Observers by the EC, of DEOs, Dy DEOs, ROs & EROs by the CEOs and of the Polling staff by the DEOs Tainted and known to be aligned not associated Tainted and known to be aligned not associated Commission takes prompt action on complaints against staff deployed Commission takes prompt action on complaints against staff deployed

36. 36 Preparation for Elections - Procurement of Materials Procurement of EVMs by the Commission Procurement of EVMs by the Commission Other materials by the CEOs and DEOs Other materials by the CEOs and DEOs Standard procurement procedures followed Standard procurement procedures followed Specifications of materials decided by the Commission in case of non standard items Specifications of materials decided by the Commission in case of non standard items Advance planning by the Commission, CEOs and DEOs for procurement at their levels Advance planning by the Commission, CEOs and DEOs for procurement at their levels

37. 37 Preparation for Elections - Relationship with stakeholders Commission hears complaints & concerns of all political parties Commission hears complaints & concerns of all political parties All political parties given similar treatment All political parties given similar treatment CEOs and DEOs call meetings of Political Parties for electoral rolls, enforcement of code of conduct, for deciding polling stations & counting centres CEOs and DEOs call meetings of Political Parties for electoral rolls, enforcement of code of conduct, for deciding polling stations & counting centres Any individual or NGO can offer suggestions or can file complaints with the EC, CEOs & DEOs Any individual or NGO can offer suggestions or can file complaints with the EC, CEOs & DEOs

38. 38 Preparation for Elections - Security Arrangements Assessment for Central Force’s requirement is made keeping in mind the Law and Order situation Assessment for Central Force’s requirement is made keeping in mind the Law and Order situation State police and central paramilitary forces deployed based on requirements State police and central paramilitary forces deployed based on requirements No police organ having any affiliation to the ruling party deployed No police organ having any affiliation to the ruling party deployed Confidence building measures taken Confidence building measures taken Situations watched regularly - special directions given, if needed Situations watched regularly - special directions given, if needed

39. 39 Observers Appointed from senior civil servants Appointed from senior civil servants General Observers drawn from IAS General Observers drawn from IAS Expenditure Observers drawn from IRS Expenditure Observers drawn from IRS Statutory role for Observers Statutory role for Observers Report directly to Commission Report directly to Commission Eyes and ears of the Commission in the Constituencies Eyes and ears of the Commission in the Constituencies Nearly 2000 observers appointed in GE 2004 Nearly 2000 observers appointed in GE 2004 All counting centers covered All counting centers covered

40. 40 Ingradients of a Credible Election Correct electoral rolls - fair opportunity is given to all for addition and deletion of names Correct electoral rolls - fair opportunity is given to all for addition and deletion of names Freedom for filing nominations to all eligible persons Freedom for filing nominations to all eligible persons No coercion – for abstention or casting votes No coercion – for abstention or casting votes Proper enforcement of Model Code of Conduct to create a level playing field Proper enforcement of Model Code of Conduct to create a level playing field Expenses by the candidates within the prescribed limits Expenses by the candidates within the prescribed limits Conditions – in which an average elector feels secure for casting his vote freely without any fear Conditions – in which an average elector feels secure for casting his vote freely without any fear Complete transparency in all electoral operations Complete transparency in all electoral operations

41. 41 Grievance Redressal Mechanism Registration of electors Registration of electors Complete transparency maintained during preparation and revision of voter list Complete transparency maintained during preparation and revision of voter list Provision of appeals and redressal of grievances at every level Provision of appeals and redressal of grievances at every level Mechanism during the Campaign, the Poll and the counting of votes Mechanism during the Campaign, the Poll and the counting of votes Setting up Control Rooms, Helplines and a credible communication network to facilitate filing of complaints and their timely redressal Setting up Control Rooms, Helplines and a credible communication network to facilitate filing of complaints and their timely redressal Election Petitions after the results are declared Election Petitions after the results are declared Can be filed by any elector or candidate Can be filed by any elector or candidate Heard by High Court of the State Heard by High Court of the State Can lead to re-staging of the election Can lead to re-staging of the election Filed within 45 days of declaration of results Filed within 45 days of declaration of results Appeals lie with Supreme Court Appeals lie with Supreme Court

42. 42 Information Technology and the EC Website Information Technology and the EC Website EC makes an extensive use of Information Technology EC makes an extensive use of Information Technology Dissemination of information amongst it offices through intranet and to the public through internet Dissemination of information amongst it offices through intranet and to the public through internet The electoral rolls are computerised in all the state languages and are available on the internet The electoral rolls are computerised in all the state languages and are available on the internet EC website is a comprehensive resource center for Indian Elections with: EC website is a comprehensive resource center for Indian Elections with: –all election laws, manuals and handbooks –Election results –Electoral rolls (Voter Lists) EC servers are linked with all 1500 counting centers of the country on the poll day and results are made available in the real time EC servers are linked with all 1500 counting centers of the country on the poll day and results are made available in the real time URL is www.eci.gov.in URL is www.eci.gov.in www.eci.gov.in

43. 43 Electoral Reforms Criminalisation of politics Criminalisation of politics Number of seats a person can contest Number of seats a person can contest Ext Polls and Opinion Polls Ext Polls and Opinion Polls Surrogate Advertisements on Print Media Surrogate Advertisements on Print Media Political Ads on TV and Cable network Political Ads on TV and Cable network Party Accounts and its Audit Party Accounts and its Audit Government sponsored Advertisements Government sponsored Advertisements Negative/Neutral Voting Negative/Neutral Voting Decisions on Anti-defection cases Decisions on Anti-defection cases

44. 44 Other New Initiatives Use of Electronic Voting Machines Use of Electronic Voting Machines Free time on state owned Electronic media for political parties - a step towards state funding of elections Free time on state owned Electronic media for political parties - a step towards state funding of elections Check on criminalization of politics Check on criminalization of politics Computer networking and use of Information Technology Computer networking and use of Information Technology Computerization of Electoral rolls Computerization of Electoral rolls Photo I-Cards Photo I-Cards Electoral rolls with photograph Electoral rolls with photograph E-registration of electors E-registration of electors Publishing national voter register on the EC website with a credible search mechanism Publishing national voter register on the EC website with a credible search mechanism Use of the GIS in electoral management Use of the GIS in electoral management Simplifying maintenance of accounts by candidates Simplifying maintenance of accounts by candidates Simplifying filing of accounts Simplifying filing of accounts Streamlining procedure for registration Streamlining procedure for registration Model Code of Conduct Model Code of Conduct

45. 45 GE 2004 – Interesting Facts 1. 1.The oldest Candidate, as well as winner was 94 years old. 2. 2.The youngest elected MP is 26 years old. 3. 3.The average age of elected MP is 52.6 years. 4. 4.Out of 543 MPs, 45 are women. 5. 5.Maximum number of candidates was 35 in Madras South Constituency. 6. 6.Due to first-past-the-post system, about 2/3 rd elected MPs have less than 35% Votes polled (against number of Electors).

46. 46 Photo Gallery – Elections 2004 Officials at distribution center Officials checking EVMs and polling materials Officials carrying EVMs and polling materials A group of Villagers with EPI cards Officials carrying EVMs and polling materials Electors going to exercise their Franchise An Elector familiarizing himself regarding functioning of EVM

47. 47 Photo Gallery – Elections 2004 An elder on way to cast her vote Electors waiting in QIndelible ink being marked on elector’s finger Physically challenged casting her vote Chief Election Commissioner casting his vote Dr. APJ Abdul Kalam, Hon’ble President of India after casting his vote