1. String and Air Instruments Review – Standing waves in String Instruments Examples – String Instruments Longitudinal Waves in Air Standing Waves in Air Instruments (open-open) Standing Waves in Air Instruments (open-closed) Summary Air Instruments (open-open, open-closed) Examples – String and Air Instruments

2. Standing waves in String Instruments

3. Example 12-7

4. Example 12-8

5. Longitudinal Waves in Air Traveling sound wave https://sites.google.com/site/physicsflash/home/sound Pressure and Displacement Nodes/Antinodes

6. Standing waves in Air – open/open end (1) Display as transverse wave (easier to see) Pressure wave node at both ends Result: – Pressure wave node at both ends – Pipe length must be some multiple of ½ wavelength!

7. Standing waves in Air – open/open end (2) Animation – Pressure wave node at both ends http://faraday.physics.utoronto.ca/IYearLab/Intros/StandingWaves/Flash/sta2fix.html Result: – Pressure wave node at both ends – Pipe length is some multiple of ½ wavelength!

8. Standing waves in Air – open/open end (3)

9. Standing waves in Air – open/closed end (1) Display as transverse wave (easier to see) Pressure wave node at one end, antinode at other Result – Pressure wave node at one end, antinode at other – Pipe length is some odd multiple of ¼ wavelength

10. Standing waves in Air – open/closed end (2) Animation – Pressure wave node at end, antinode at other http://faraday.physics.utoronto.ca/IYearLab/Intros/StandingWaves/Flash/sta1fix.html Result – Pressure wave node at end, antinode at other – Pipe length is some odd multiple of ¼ wavelength

11. Standing waves in Air – open/closed end (3)

12. Comparison of waves on string and air

13. Examples of String and Air Instruments String Instruments – Guitar – Violin – Piano Air Instruments – Flute – “Trombone” – Soda bottle

14. Examples – Problem 25 – Open & closed, 1 st 3 harmonics – Problem 26 – Coke bottle – Problem 27 – Range of human hearing, pipe lengths – Problem 28 – Guitar sounds with fret – Problem 29 – Guitar sounds with fret – Problem 30 – Length of organ pipe – Problem 32 – Flute – Problem 34 – Pipe multiple harmonics

15. Problem 25 – Organ Pipe

16. Problem 26 – Coke bottle

17. Problem 27 – Full-range Pipe Organ

18. Problem 28 – Guitar

19. Problem 29 – Guitar (1)

20. Problem 29 – Guitar (2)

21. Problem 30 – Organ Pipe

22. Problem 32 - Flute

23. Problem 34 – Assume open-open

24. Problem 34 – Assume open-closed