1. VOICE OF VILLAGE Kapcsolattartás az elszármazottakkal c. konferencia Lajosmizse, Gerébi kúria 2012. február 23.

2. International Migration Flows of Hungarian Population A magyar népesség nemzetközi migrációs folyamatai Illés Sándor – Gábrity Molnár Irén ELTE TTK Társadalom- és Gazdaságföldrajzi tanszék, Budapest Újvidéki Egyetem Szabadkai Közgazdasági Kar

3. Research on: - Both side of the coin (Vojvodina – South Great Plain) - Multiple data sources and methods (macro statistics, surveys, field work – geographic, economic, sociological, demographic, ethnographic) - Relevant variety of themes (pendulum migrants, seasonal migrants, temporary migrants, settlers, circulars, refugees, asylum seekers) - Creation of types ( work driven, family connected, crises related, return, nationality led, amenity seeking, higher social benefit hunting…) - Identification of transnational practices, lifestyles and identities Potential solution of Hungarian-Hungarian dilemma

4. General context: Migration as a potential solution of demographic problems in general for Europe and in particular for Hungary? Response: maybe, partially. Which sorts of demographic phenomena? Population decline, ageing… Which kind of migration? Permanent migration, temporary migration… New paradigm: CIRCULATION

5. Figure I The concept of international circular migration

6. Migration (long term) – brain drain, brain gain – lost-win situation (relocation, remittances) Return migration (long term) – brain drain, brain gain – lost-win situation (location back, compensation) Circulation (long term, seasonal, short term, commuting) – brain circulation - win-win situation (transnational practices, diaspora options). Principles for circulation friendly politics

7. Table 1 Numbers of international immigrants and international circular immigrants by gender in Hungary from 2006 to 2008 Year All immigrantCircular immigrantShare of circular Male 200610 6841 82017.0 200712 7531 90414.9 200820 9722 32111.1 Total44 4096 04513.6 Female 20068683153617.7 20079854156015.8 200814575176612.1 Total33112486214.7 Together 200619 3673 35617.3 200722 6073 46415.3 200835 5474 08711.5 Total77 52110 907 14.1

8. Table 2 International immigrants and international circular immigrants by gender in Hungary from 2006 to 2008, (%) Year All immigrantCircular immigrant MaleFemaleTogetherMaleFemaleTogether 200655.244.8100.054.245.8100.0 200756.443.6100.055.045.0100.0 200859.041.0100.056.843.2100.0 Total 57.3 42.7100.0 55.4 44.6100.0

9. Figure II Age pyramid of circular migrants in Hungary between 2006 and 2008, (%)

10. Figure III Age pyramid of non-circular migrants in Hungary between 2006 and 2008, (%)

11. Table 4 Average age of international non-circular (1) and circular (2–X) immigrants by parity of entering in Hungary from 2006 to 2008 Year Numbers of entering Total 1234 Together (2 – X) Male 2006 31.433.630.138.433.331.7 2007 32.229.432.534.431.432.0 2008 33.034.235.734.934.333.2 2006 – 2008 32.4 33.1 32.7 34.6 33.1 32.5 Female 2006 30.531.028.729.530.930.5 2007 32.628.729.627.629.132.0 2008 32.333.731.229.233.532.4 2006 – 2008 31.931.829.828.031.231.8 Together 2006 31.032.429.533.732.231.2 2007 32.429.031.331.730.332.0 2008 32.734.033.832.333.932.9 2006 – 2008 32.232.531.431.932.332.2

12. Table 5 Family status distribution of international non- circular (1) and circular (2–X) immigrants by parity of entering in Hungary between 2006 and 2008, (%) male Family status Numbers of entering Total 1234 Together (2 – X) Single 49.452.552.048.752.349.8 Married 43.942.642.946.242.843.7 Widowed 1.91.01.91.31.21.8 Divorced 4.93.93.33.8 4.7 Total 100.0 Family status Numbers of entering Total 1234 Together (2 – X) Single44.752.862.670.955.246.2 Married44.736.630.323.635.043.3 Widowed5.04.93.23.64.54.9 Divorced5.65.73.91.85.25.6 Total100.0 Male Female

13. Table 5 Family status distribution of international non- circular (1) and circular (2–X) immigrants by parity of entering in Hungary between 2006 and 2008, (%) (together) male Family status Numbers of entering Total 1234 Together (2 – X) Single 47.4 52.656.657.8 53.6 48.3 Married44.239.937.436.939.343.5 Widowed3.22.82.52.22.73.1 Divorced5.24.73.63.04.45.1 Total100.0

14. Table 6 Distribution of country of citizenship of international non- circular (1) and circular (2–X) immigrants by parity of entering in Hungary between 2006 and 2008, (%) Citizenship Numbers of entering Total 1234 Together (2 – X) Romania27.056.034.427.6 50.6 30.4 Serbia and Montenegro13.35.78.120.5 6.5 12.4 Ukraine11.811.321.126.9 13.8 12.1 Germany7.32.51.70.7 2.3 6.6 China6.55.08.44.1 5.7 6.4 Slovakia4.11.61.80.0 1.6 3.7 USA2.71.42.01.9 1.5 2.6 Austria2.21.10.30.4 0.9 2.0 Turkey1.70.51.00.4 0.6 1.5 Israel1.41.01.21.5 1.1 1.3 Japan1.40.6 0.0 0.6 1.3 Russia1.11.82.41.5 1.9 1.2 Italy0.90.50.10.0 0.4 0.8 United Kingdom0.80.40.30.4 0.8 Croatia0.60.1 0.0 0.1 0.5 France0.50.20.0 0.1 0.5 The Netherlands0.50.10.0 0.1 0.4 Switzerland0.40.20.10.7 0.2 0.3 Sweden0.30.10.0 0.1 0.2 Norway0.20.60.10.0 0.5 0.2 Syria0.1 0.0 0.1 Other15.49.316.213.4 10.9 14.7 Total100.0

15. Table 7 Distribution of country of citizenship of international non- circular (1) and circular (2–X) immigrants by parity of entering in Hungary between 2006 and 2008, (%)

16. Circular migrants by counties in Hungary in 2007 (%)

17. Thank you for attention!