1. Alexander Galt Regional High School Science Secondary 3 September 6, 2008 Slide 1 Senses, Sensors, Sensory

2. Alexander Galt Regional High School Science Secondary 3 September 6, 2008 Slide 2 HUMAN SENSES Vision, hearing, smell, taste, touch Each of the human senses is specialized to obtain data that is sent to the brain. The brain does the interpretation of the information. Sometimes the brain works in strange ways. Some people see colors when hearing music.

3. Alexander Galt Regional High School Science Secondary 3 September 6, 2008 Slide 3 Vision, hearing, smell, taste, touch Human senses help detect change How they enhance our ability to detect change They give us different information Take one or two senses away and the world becomes a very different place. Each of our senses need a certain amount of energy to work properly  Light must be a certain brightness to see  Sound must be loud enough to hear  The pressure on our skin must be great enough to feel. The skin must be sensitive enough to detect the difference in temperature--hot or cold.

4. Alexander Galt Regional High School Science Secondary 3 September 6, 2008 Slide 4 HUMAN SENSES Human senses with technology Lenses/Sight Stethoscope/hearing Novint Falcon Game Controler da Vinci® Surgical System Microscope

5. Alexander Galt Regional High School Science Secondary 3 September 6, 2008 Slide 5 Sensors Are devices capable of detecting change: Temperature Pressure Humidity Speed And Many more … Motion sensors Temperature sensors

6. Alexander Galt Regional High School Science Secondary 3 September 6, 2008 Slide 6 Sensors Sensors used for various applications

7. Alexander Galt Regional High School Science Secondary 3 September 6, 2008 Slide 7 Sensors Sensors used in many careers and in games.

8. Alexander Galt Regional High School Science Secondary 3 September 6, 2008 Slide 8 HUMAN VISION – The most used Human Eye can see only a small part of the Electromagnetic Spectrum called Visible Light

9. Alexander Galt Regional High School Science Secondary 3 September 6, 2008 Slide 9 VISION TESTS – It is related to your chromosomes –

10. Alexander Galt Regional High School Science Secondary 3 September 6, 2008 Slide 10 “VISION” SENSORS Night vision goggles – creates images in the infra-red range X-ray machines – creates images with the very short x-ray wavelengths There are environmental parameters that are important to our welfare and survival that cannot be sensed by the human vision An example: radioactivity, UV exposure, etc.

11. Alexander Galt Regional High School Science Secondary 3 September 6, 2008 Slide 11 SOUND SENSORS Importance: human hearing is limited Microphones can detect sound at extremely low volumes Ultrasound devices detect sounds at very high frequencies Communication Whales, bats, submarines

12. Alexander Galt Regional High School Science Secondary 3 September 6, 2008 Slide 12 SMELL SENSORS Human smell is limited to a certain number of chemical compounds in the air Electronic Noses Air quality (NASA project, industry – medical)‏ Foods (fish, fruit, etc.)‏ Wines Smoke detectors There are environmental parameters that are important to our welfare and survival that cannot be sensed by the human senses examples: carbon monoxide, radon, etc.

13. Alexander Galt Regional High School Science Secondary 3 September 6, 2008 Slide 13 TASTE RECEPTORS There are four tastes that can be recognized by the tongue: sweet, sour, bitter, and salty. Most of what we experience as taste is actually from our sense of smell. Particular scents and tastes are due to different molecules that bind to smell and taste receptors. Our smell receptors can recognize thousands of different scent molecules.

14. Alexander Galt Regional High School Science Secondary 3 September 6, 2008 Slide 14 TASTE SENSORS Human taste requires direct contact with the compound Taste sensor Example: Electronic tongue can distinguish wines. Water quality (sensors that sample the water)‏ -pollution, bacteria, etc. Fish freshness Females have more taste buds than males Taste is the weakest of the five senses

15. Alexander Galt Regional High School Science Secondary 3 September 6, 2008 Slide 15 FEELING SENSORS Humans skin can detect change in temperature relative to the environment, pain, pressure, rough and smooth, soft and hard, and wet and dry. A new artificial arm that is connected to the nervous system and the person can feel an object.

16. Alexander Galt Regional High School Science Secondary 3 September 6, 2008 Slide 16 FEEL SENSORS Sensors relating to - pressure, temperature and gravity Thermometers, wind speed, motion detectors, etc. Magnetic field sensors Some birds and fish can sense the earth’s magnetic field, humans seem unable to (we use compasses)‏ Electric Fields sensors Sharks and eels seem to be able to, humans cannot (electrometers)‏

17. Alexander Galt Regional High School Science Secondary 3 September 6, 2008 Slide 17 SENSES AND SENSORS There are inventions or devices that can extend the human physical senses of sight, hearing, taste, smell, touch (pressure, temperature and gravity). We use these to gain information about our planet and far beyond. To appreciate the role of sensors by considering them as an extension of human senses. Sensors sense the same phenomena as human senses, but: They are there 365 days a year and 24 hours a day They can be sent where it is impossible to send humans Their measurements are more precise (sensitive & selective)‏ Their measurements are reproducible

18. Alexander Galt Regional High School Science Secondary 3 September 6, 2008 Slide 18 SENSORS IN EVERYDAY LIFE Automobiles Cell Phones Remote Controls Traffic Lights Appliances (stove, refrigerator, furnace, thermometer)‏ Motion Sensors Smoke Detectors Gas Detectors

19. Alexander Galt Regional High School Science Secondary 3 September 6, 2008 Slide 19 Questions? What type of sensors could you use in the careers that you are considering for the future? What type of sensors are in your home? What type of sensors are in your car? What extra type of sensor would you like to have in your body? Sensory: It means relating to sensation, to the perception of a stimulus and the voyage made by incoming ( afferent ) nerve impulses from the sense organs to the brain. Sensory nerves are nerves dealing with senses.